摘要:

AbstractThe present study assessed a computer‐aided program devised to supervise (e.g., to prompt with the display of slides and reinforce with tokens) the occupational engagement of severely mentally retarded individuals. The program was assessed with two subjects who engaged in few constructive activities without supervision. The subjects were capable of responding to pictorial prompts. The results showed that both subjects learned to perform scheduled activities independent of staff supervision. Their performance was maintained over time and could be made progressively more meaningful with minimal staff involvement. Generalization across settings and across settings and conditions was observed. The findings are discussed in terms of program components as well as in terms of cost and benefit

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOveractivity, inattention, and noise in three hyperactive children were intervened with correspondence training procedures. One subject was intervened with the “reinforcement of corresponding reports” procedure: true reports about the inhibition of hyperactivity were reinforced. Another subject's hyperactive behaviors were managed with the “reinforcement of fulfillment of promises” procedure: the reinforcer was delivered contingent upon the presence of both promising to inhibit hyperactivity and fulfillment of the promise. The third subject received the “reinforcement of corresponding reports” and the “reinforcement set up on promises” procedures: the reinforcer was set up or displayed contingent upon the subject's promises and delivered contingent upon fulfillment of the promise (actual inhibition of hyperactivity). These procedures were programmed in a multiple baseline design across two settings (a treatment room and a classroom). A changing‐criterion design was employed with all subjects: the nonoccurrence of hyperactivity had to be observed across a pre‐established criterion level for the actual delivery of the reinforcer. In general, consistently higher levels of correspondence were noted during each procedure, relative to baseline. However, with the third subject the overall clinical effects of the reinforcement set up on promises phase were more dramatic than the overall effects of the reinforcement of corresponding reports condition. The results for Subject 2 and Subject 3 demonstrated the maintenance of treatment effects i

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 10 male chronic patients were observed on a psychiatric ward while participating in structured activities (team sports, art projects, and housework) and during comparison time periods in which no activities were present. Broad spectrum behavioral measures obtained with the Time‐Sample Behavior Checklist (TSBC) showed that activities produced a 70% reduction in bizarre and inappropriate behavior, as well as a 400–500% increase in productive and appropriate behavior. Performance in activity sessions with contingent tokens (dependent on subject's participation) and with noncontingent tokens was simi

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVisual screening procedures have been shown to be effective in reducing a variety of topographically dissimilar responses displayed by developmentally disabled subjects. The procedure requires that a blindfold or bib be placed over the subjects eyes contingent on a target response. The screening procedure continues for a specified duration, usually under three minutes. Because target responses may occur during screening, the release from screening becomes contingent on the subject remaining target response free for the specified period. The present study replicates previous reports by showing the effectiveness of this procedure in reducing self‐injury displayed by an adult developmentally disabled women. It extends the available data by presenting information on the actual duration of screening required before the contingent release criterion was met. It also outlines a specific approach for generalization. Results show that the procedure was highly effective in reducing self‐injury. Successful generalization was accomplished across additional times, settings, and staff. Data on the duration of screening show a clear downward trend across applicati

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocial isolation is a pervasive problem for older adults and interventions designed to reduce it have met with only limited success. The current research was designed to identify observable behaviors and qualitative aspects of emotional distress that differentiate socially active from socially isolated elderly nursing home residents. The investigation consisted of two parts: The first involved direct observation of subjects (n= 51) and the second involved a structured interview with a subsample of subjects (n= 23), including an assessment of social anxiety, social competence and depression. Results of a multiple regression analysis suggest that staff views of social isolation are related to rates of specific social behaviors, social anxiety, and mental status. Implications for treatment are discussed.

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY