摘要:

Proceedings of the Society for Analytical Chemistry Analytical Division Chemical Society CONTENTS Reports of Meetings . . . . 287 Roc. SOC. Analyt. Chem. Vol. 10 No. 12 Pages 287-304 Second International Liquid Scin- Joint Anglo-Czech Symposium Summaries of Papers tillation Counting Symposium 288 on Electrochemistry . . . 290 "Original Papers in Pharmaceutical Analysis" . . . . . . . . 292 Progress Towards International Standardisation in the Field of Alcoholic Strength and i t s Determination . . . . . . 297 Correspondence on Amalgama- tion . . . . . . . 299 SAC Centenary Celebrations . . 299 SAC Analytical Chemistry Trust Fund . . . . . . . . 300 Obituary . . . . . I . . 300 Papers Accepted for The Analyst 300 Short Courses . . . . . . 301 The Chemical Society's Library 301 Notices .. . . . . . 302 Forthcoming Meetings Back Cover December 1973 IF'AYCAL Vol. 10 No. 12 December 1973 PROCEEDINGS THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF ANALYTICAL DIVISION CHEMICAL SOCIETY Hon. Secretary W. H. C. Shaw Officers of The Society for Analytical Chemistry and the Analytical Division of The Chemical Society President G W. C. Milner Hon. Treasurer Hon. Assistant Secretaries J. K. Foreman D. I. Coomber O.B.E. D. W. Wilson Secretary Miss P. E. Hutchinson 9/10 SAVILE ROW LONDON WIX I A F Telephone 01 -734 9864 Managing Editor SAC Publications F. D. Grimmer Assistant Editor P. C. Weston Proceedings is published by The Society for Analytical Chemistry. Members' subscriptions must be sent t o The Chemical Society Non-members can be supplied with Proceedings only as part of a combined subscription with The Analyst and Analytical Abstracts Single copies can be obtained direct from The Chemical Society Publications Sales Office Blackhorse Road Letchworth Herts. SG6 1 HN (NOT through Trade Agents) price 30p post free. Remittances MUST accompany orders 0 The Society for Analytical Chemistry INDEXES 1973 THE Index to Volume 10 of Proceedings and the Index to Volume 98 of The h a l y s t will be distributed to Members and to Subscribers in February. THE Index to Volume 25 of Analytical Abstracts covering July to December 1973 is expected to be ready for distribu- tion during May and copies will automatically be sent to Members and Subscribers entitled to receive them.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA97310FX043

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

LOCIETY I’OH ANrlLYTlCAL CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL DIVISION CHEMICIIL SOCIETY Forthcoming Meetings January Thursday 3rd %H E Fb-I I5 I. I ) ATOMIC SPECTROSC~PY GROUP and BOARD or XSNUAL REPORTS ON AIGALYTICAL A ~ o b ~ r c S ~ t x ~ ~ o s c o r u (AXAAS) jointly wzth the Modern Methods of Analysis Group of the Shcffieltl Metallurgical ant1 Enginwring Association. “Research in Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectrometry for the Characterisation of Standard Reference R~laterials.” by T. C. 1Cains. “.4dvances in Atoniic Fluorescence Spectrometry,” by S. Omenetto. Discussion on “lnterfcrcnces in Flame and Lion-flame -Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy,” introduced by J . €3. Headridge and contributors to Voiumc 3 of A R A 4 S . Rannioor Flouse The Cniversity Shore Lane Shefield ; 11.30 a.m. SCOTTISH RKGIOK Extra Meeting.“Research in Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectrornetr)* for the Characterisation of Standard Reference Materials,” by T. C. Rains. University of Strathclyde Glasgow ; 4 p.m. MIDLASDS RCGIOP; Meeting for the reading o f the Elwell ;\ward Papers. Tuesday 15th LOUGHBOROUGH University of ’lechnology Loughborough ; 6.30 p.m. ’lhursday 17th A J 3 k R n t k . N Friday 18th BRISTOL Tuesday 22nd J *ON n 0 x ScoTnsH R FXION jointly with the Abei-tieen and l o r t h of Scotland Section “Laboratory Archaeology-The 7ise of l’hysico-chemical Analysis in LTnder- Department of Chemistry ’lhe University Meston Walk Old Aberdeen ; WESTERN KEGIOK Annual General Meeting followed by an Ordinary Meeting. “The Detection and Determination of D I U ~ S of Xddiction,” by M.J . de C,heniistry Department The University Bristol; 6 p.m. EL1I:CATION A N D TKRIUTNC; GHOIJP. Discussion on “Tcaching o f Statistics,” to be introduced by \Lr. Spenclley D. A . Pantony anti A . Glenn. l’olytechnic of the South Bank Borough Road Lonclon SE1 OAA; 2 p.m. of the cs. standing 1’1-ehistory,” by H. McKerrell. 4.15 p.m. Faubert Maunder. Wednesday 23rd NORTH EAST XEGIOK Annual General Meeting followed by a meeting joZm!ly “The History of Ana.lytica1 Chemistry,” by D. Bettci-itlge. Chemistry Dcprtment Teesside Polyteclinic Teesside ; 7 p.m. SCOTTISH REGION jointly with the Glasgow and West of Scotland Section ol thc C 3 and the Alchemists Club. “Dope in Society and Sport and Some Methods for its Coiitrol,” by Profcssor The T:iiiversity Glasgow-; 4.p.m. KORTII WEST KEGION Annual General Meeting followed by- 1)iscussion 011 “The Issues of Amalgamation with the Chemical Society,” introduc:t:d b y the President Ih. G. W. C. Milner. “Fiity Year-s of Dithizone,” by l’rofcssor H. M. N. H . 11-ving. ITnivcrsity ITousc Chemistry Block The TJniversity Salford ; 6.30 p.m. Uiscussioii on “Sojne Current i’roblems and Possible Future Applications in Electroanalytical Chemistry,” to be introduced by P. 0. Kaiie D. Midgley College Block Chelsea College University of Tmndon 3lanrc:sa Road Lontlon ’I‘EESSIDE xlith the Teesside Section of the CS. l‘hursday 24th GLASGOW A . H. Bcckett. Friday 25th SALFOKU Friday 26th ELECTROANALYTICAL GROUP. LON~OK 1’1 Riley J . 1). R. Thomas W F. Smyth and B. Fleet (Chairmm). S.IV.3; 6.30 p.m. Printed by Heffers Printers Ltd Cambridge England

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA97310BX045

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

December 1973 Vol. 10 No. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL DIVISION CHEMICAL SOCIETY Reports of Meetings ORDINARY MEETING Ax Ordinary Meeting of the SAC/AD organised by the Automatic Methods Group was held a t 3 p.m. on Wednesday December 5th 19i3 at the Scientific Societies Lecture Theatre 23 Savile Row London iV.1. The Chair was taken by the President Dr. G. IT. C. Milner. The subject of the meeting was “Limitations in Automatic Methods” and the following papers were presented and discussed “Sample Preparation and Quality Control in Automatic Systems,” by H. J. 111. Bowen; “Translation of Laboratory Methods into Plant Control Systems,” by B. J. Hulley; “Problems in Routine Laboratory Automation,” by F. E. Harper. NORTH WEST REGION A JOINT Neeting of the Region with the Carlett Park Chemical and Physical Society was held a t 6.30 p.m.on Thursday November E t h 1973 in the \Vest Cheshire Central College of Further Education Carlett Park Eastham. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the North If‘est Region Mr. A. C. Bushnell. A lecture on “Physico-chemical Applications of Gas Chromatography” was given by Professor J H. Purnell. SCOTTISH REGIOS THE thirty-ninth Annual General Meeting of the Region TIAS held at 5 p.m. on Friday November 2nd 1973 at the Thomas Graham Building Lniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Region A h . if’. Dunnet. The following office bearers were elected for the forthcoming year Chairma?z-SIr. IV. Dunnet. I’ice-Chazvnzan -Dr. J. hl. Ottaway. Honorary Secretary a i d Tmzsuvev-Dr.J. E. ITliitley Scottish Vniversities Research and Reactor Centre East Kilbride Glasgow G73 OQU. Illembers oif Cowzmtttee-Dr. D. Barnes Miss S. 11. Brown Dr. I. Dale Xrs. 11. llasson and Rlr. R. B. Keid. The Annual General Meeting was followed by an Ordinary Meeting of the Kegion a t which a lecture on “Automation in Pharmaceutical Analyses” was given by J. \\’. JIurfin A JOINT Meeting of the Region with the Glasgow and West of Scotland Section of the CS was held at 4 p.m. on Thursday November 15th 1973 in the Chemistry Department Univer- sitv of Strathclyde Glasgow. The Chair was taken by the Honorary Secretary of the Scottish Region Dr. J. E. Whitley. l l r . J. S. Foster and Dr. B. \V. East were appointed as Honorary Auditors. A lecture on “Ions and Radicals in Flames” was given by Professor T.11. Sugden. WESTERN REGION A DISCUSSIOS Meeting of the Region was held a t 6.30 p.m. on Friday November 16th 1973 a t tlie George Hotel Chepstow. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Region Dr. J. D. R. Thomas. -4 discussion on “Amalgamation” was opened by the President Dr. G. If’. C. llilner. NORTH EAST REGIOK A X Ordinary Meeting of the Region was held a t 2 p.m. on Thursday Kovember Sth 1973 in the Ellison Building The Polytechnic Kewcastle upon Tyne. The Chair was taken by tlie Chairman of the Region Mr. J. IVhitehead. 287 288 LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING SYMPOSIUM [Proc. SOC. AnaZyt. Chem. The subject of the meeting was “Analytical Chemistry in the Polytechnics” and after a short welcoming address by Mr. L. H. W. Hallett the following papers were presented and discussed “Analytical Chemistry in the Polytechnics-Is it Viable ?” by R.J. Ellis ; “Some Novel Applications of Gas Chromatography,’’ by M. B. Evans; “Aspects of Analytical Chemistry at Sheffield Polytechnic,” by D. J. Mowthorpe ; “Spectroscopy Statistics and Data Evaluation in Routine Control Analysis,” by A. B. Calder. EAST ANGLIA REGION THE sixth Annual General Meeting of the Region was held at 3 p.m. on Wednesday October loth 1973 a t the Polytechnic College Lane Hatfield. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Region Mr. J. S. Leahy. The following office bearers were elected for the forthcoming year Chairman-Mr. J. S. Leahy. Vice-Chairman-Mr. A. W. Hartley. Honorary Secretary and Tyeasurer-Mrs. D. Simpson Bakelite Xylonite Ltd. Research and Development Law- ford Place Manningtree Essex COll 2NA. Members of Committee-Dr. R. M. Dagnall Mr. N. R. Jones Mr. N. Kirby Mr. J. F. Sheridan and Mr. A. G. Cobb (co-opted). Mr. C. E. Waterhouse and Mr. A. N. Worden were re-appointed as Honorary Auditors. The Annual General Meeting was followed by an Ordinary Meeting of the Region at which a lecture on “Inspection and Sampling Under the Medicines Act” was given by A. G. Fishburn.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9731000287

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

288 LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING SYMPOSIUM [Proc. SOC. AnaZyt. Chem. Second International Liquid Scintillation Counting Symposium Brighton September 3rd to 6th 1973 SOME 240 representatives from Industrial and Academic spheres attended this Symposium organised by the Radiochemical Methods Group of the SAC and held at the Hotel Metropole Brighton sixteen countries being represented. An associated instrument exhibition pre- sented a unique opportunity to view under one roof all of the major instruments currently marketed in the U.K. In addition to seven spectrometer manufacturers eight other firms specialising in other aspects of the technique also displayed their goods. The Symposium differed from the First International Meeting held in 1971 at the same place in having a “Teach-in” given by Dr.A. Dyer and Dr. E. Rapkin which served both as an introduction to the meeting as well as to acquaint delegates who may not have had any experience with the technique with the advantages and pitfalls of liquid scintillation counting. Plenary lecturers (L-R) Dr. V. l‘arkkanen Dr. D. L. Horrocks Dr. E. Mueller Dr. R. P. I ’ N P k l ‘ Y a l l d 111. 11. 4. (,OYdrjti December 19731 LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING SYMPOSIUM 289 Chairmen of the Sessions (L-R) Dr. B. W . Fox Dr. E. Rapkin Dr. P. Johnson Dr. B. Scales and MY. M . A . Crook Plenary lectures were delivered by Dr. D. L. Horrocks on “Modern concepts in liquid scintillation counting” and Dr. E. Mueller on “Quench correction techniques,” in which it was suggested that the criterion for homogeneous counting should be that the ratio of the efficiency derived from a polar standard to that from a non-polar standard should be unity.Dr. B. E. Gordon reviewed some of the aspects of homogeneous counting and stressed some of the advantages and pitfalls of combustion techniques. A whole morning was devoted to aspects of combustion methods which underlines its importance in dealing with a large number of different samples accurately especially those which occur in pharmacological studies where tissues are involved. Guests at the Symposium Dinner (L-R) Dr. E. Mueller MY. C. Whalley MY. J . W . McMillan and Mrs. Whalley In the afternoon heterogeneous sample preparation was discussed by Dr. V. Tarkkanen with special reference to certain colloid counting systems. In this field industrial secrecy with regard to scintillator composition makes a rational evaluation difficult to undertake 290 JOINT ASGLO-CZECH SYMPOSIUM ox ELECTROCHEMISTRY [Proc.SOC. Analyt. Clzem. and open to personal bias and some attempts wcre made to discuss and overcome this problem. Dr. R. P. Parker reviewed the many potential applications of Cerenkov counting in a session which included miscellaneous applications of the spectrometer to assay low levels of light- emitting reactions. In addition to the scientific programme an excellent social programme was arranged for non-participating guests with visits to the Brigliton Pavilion Firle House and Goodwood. The Symposium confirmed that there is a continuing need for some mechanism of updating and pooling information on this subject to cover the many rapidly developing aspects of liquid scintillation counting in an increasing number of disciplines.EXHIBITION An Exhibition of scintillation counters and ancillary materials complemented the academic side of the Symposium all of the major manufacturers being present. The com- monest themes appeared to be various devices for radioimmunoassay and sample prcparation eitlicr by emulsion counting or combustion analysis. Beckman RIIC showed their new Biogamma Counting System and Radioimmunoclssay Analyser together with other instruments with multi-user capacity. Carnlab (Lab. Dr. Berthold)-A new exhibit on thc stand was the Pyroszint combustion analyser and various scanning equipment. E M 1 Electronics Ltd. exhibited their usual range of pliotomultipliers for liquid scintillation counting together with image intensifiers and photodiodes.ESI N z d e a r demonstrated a new instrument for radio-gas chromatography together with a new range of counters and spectrometers for a variety of applications. Fisons displayed a selection of fluors and ancillary reagents for scintillation counting. Gammavials for RIA work were a special feature of the Koch-Light Laboratories exhibit together with a selection of their scintillation chemicals additives and plastic scintillators. Intertechnique showed a Multimat I1 beta - gamma system with on-line computer together with their Oxymat combustion analyser and other instruments. LKB Instruments displayed their 200-sample multi-user instrument. NEN Chemicals showed their radioactive labelled materials scintillators and allied materials. Nuclew CJzicago (Division of G. D. Searle-Produc.ts included an 1soc.ap 300 coupled to a computer an RIA sample preparation system and the prototype of an LSC multivortex shaker. Nuclear Enteqbrises displayed their 400-sample Automatic Beta - Gamma Spcctrorneter. Packard Instruments’ stand included two automatic liquid scintillation spectrometers with on-line and off-line computers and also their new sample oxidiser. The Radiochemical Centre had a static display describing their radioactive products and supporting services. The Gamma Set 500 scintillation counter was a feature of the Tracerlab (ICN Pharma- ceirticals) . .. stand together with a novel flow system for use with a Coruflo and a simple sample oxidiser. Materials for solid sampling including a new range of micro-filter capsules for direct counting were exhibited by-Whatman. I ~

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9731000288

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

290 JOINT ASGLO-CZECH SYMPOSIUM ox ELECTROCHEMISTRY [Prnc. Snc. Analyt. Clzem. Joint Anglo - Czech Symposium on Electrochemistry “Polarography 50 Years On” FROM September 12th to 14th 1973 the Electroanalytical Group of the SAC/AD the Society for Electrochemistry and the Faraday Division of the CS joined their primary \ponsor the Great Britain East Europe Centre in organising a Joint Anglo - Czech Symposium on Electrochemistry which was held in London. The intention of the meeting was to further the strong links that exist between the electrochcmistry communities in this country and Czechoslovakia and was arranged to precede the Faraday Discussiori Meeting a t Oxford December 19731 JOINT ANGLO-CZECH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMISTRY 291 University. The Czechoslovak delegation consisted of the Director of the J.Heyrovskq Institute Professor A. A. Vltek together with five of his colleagues. Professor A . A . Vlc‘ek of the J . Heyrovskj Institute (LEFT) and Dr. E . Fleet of Imperial College (RIGHT) two of the speakers at the Symposium The first two days of the meeting were devoted to fundamental electrochemical problems and lectures were held in the Chemistry Department Seminar Room at Imperial College. Some thirty delegates heard Professor R. M. Barrer welcome them to the Symposium on behalf of Imperial College and hand over the proceedings to the Chairman of the morning session Dr. R. Parsons. Professor VlCek lectured on “Structural Factors in the Mechanism of Electrode Reactions” and Dr. J. At Harrison of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne on “Electrocrystallisation.” Dr.J. Riha was Chairman of the afternoon session which consisted of lectures on “The R81e of Adsorption of Electroactive Species in Electrode Reactions” by Dr. L. PospiSil and “Applications of Reflectance Spectroscopy to the Study of Electrode Reactions” by Dr. A. Bewick of Southampton University. The evening was devoted to a cocktail party given by Sir William Harpen at the Great Britain East Europe Centre. Dr. J. Volke and Dr. M. E. Peover were Chairmen of the morning and afternoon Sessions on Thursday September 13th which consisted of the following lectures-“Aprotic Elec- trolytes for Potential Power Generating Systems” by Dr. J. Riha “The Electrodeposition of Refractory Metals from Molten Salts” by Dr. D. Inman of Imperial College “Electrode Some of the speakers and delegates ( L ~ R ) Dr.W. F. Smyth Dr. L. Pospis’il Dr. J . Volke Professor A . A . Vlc‘ek Dr. J . Riha DY. G. C. Barker DY. J . Tenygl Dr. M. Baizer and Dr. B . Fleet 292 ORIGINAL PAPERS I N PHARMACEUTICAL AYALYSIS CPuoc. SOC. Annlyt. Chew. Processes on Catalytic Electrodes” by Dr. J. \Veber and “Oxidation of Formic Acid on Platinum and Noble Metal Electrodes” by Dr. R. Parsons of the Cniversity of Bristol. In the evening the delegates were treated to another cocktail party this time given by the Czechoslovak Embassy. The final day of the meeting on Friday September l4th was held in the Chemistry Department Chelsea College and was entitled “Polarography 50 years On,” being a survej- of the current status of the polarographic method. This was arranged to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the invention of polarography by Professor J.Heyrovskgi and in- cluded an exhibition of electrochemical equipment. Professor H. J . Y. Tyrrell on behalf of Chelsea College welcomed some fifty delegates and then handed the chair over to Dr. B. Fleet who officiated a t the morning session. Professor A. A. VEek lectured on “A Brief Historical Survey and New Directions in Polarography,” Dr. J . Volke on “4 Recent Approach to Organic Polarographp” and Dr. G. C. Barker of U.K..A.E.A. Harn-ell on “Some Recent Developments in Polarographic Instrumentation.” Professor Vldek was Chairman of the afternoon session which consisted of lectures by Dr. W. F. Smyth on “The Application of Polarography to Drug Analysis,” Dr. J. Tenygl on “Polarography in Continuous Analysis” and Dr. B. Fleet on “The Application of Polaro- graphic Techniques to Trace Analysis.” The Symposium concluded with a banquet in College House both British and Czecho- slovak guests looking slightly the worse for wear after a heavy but highly successful week.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9731000290

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

292 ORIGINAL PAPERS I N PHARRIACEUTICAL AYALYSIS ~PYOC. SOC. Annlyt. Chew. Original Papers in Pharmaceutical Analysis The following are summaries of three of the papers presented at a meeting of the Joint Pharmaceutical Analysis Group held on June l4th 1973 and reported in the July issue of Proceedings (p. 155). Some Aspects of the Gas Chromatography of Basic Nitrogenous Drugs BY 9. D. GREEXWOOD (Regional Qualzty Control Lnbovatovy Phavwzncy Drpnitnieizt IA eds G ~ i i c v a l infirmay Gvent Geovgs Stveet Leeds L S 1 3EX) SIXCE the early work of James and co-workers,1,2 the gas-chromatographic analysis of basic nitrogenous compounds in general has provoked a great deal of interest and posed a number of problems. The adsorption of these active compounds on some part of the column system3 may lead to three significant phenomena namely the apparent loss of a compound an the column the elution of a so-called ghost peak4s5 when pure solvent is subsequently injected and the formation of unsymmetrical peaks often with excessive tailing.69’ These problems may become exaggerated when one is dealing with comparatively involatile drugs such as alkaloids antihistamines and local anaesthetics.Basic nitrogenous drugs are normally present in pharmaceutical preparations as the stable salt of a mineral acid. The conventional approach to the gas-chromatographic analysis of such drugs is based upon the liberation of the free bases in alkaline solution and their subsequent extraction into an organic solvent. The free bases can be chromatographed on a variety of stationary phases the most commonly reported being silicones.s-10 The preparation of volatile derivativesl1J2 is a technique which although successful often leads to complex and lengthy methods of assay and has consequently not been considered further.The direct gas chromatography of certain basic nitrogenous drugs injected as the salts has been r e p ~ r t e d l ~ - ~ ~ b u t the corresponding free bases are liberated “on column” by thermal dissocation of the salt“ or by the natural basicity of the support. h low loading of a silicone December 19731 ORIGINAL PAPERS IK PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 293 011 glass micro-beads has been employed in the gas chromatography of a range of drugs as the and again the free bases would be liberated by the natural basicity of the support. I t has also been deni~nstratedl~ that the injection of lignocaine as any one of a range of salts will givc a single peak with a retention time identical with that of the free base.Irrespective of whether the base or salt is being examined the need to use elevated injection zone temperatures is widely accepted. The “classical” approach i s to coat the support with some alkali often potassium hydroxide according to the technique developed by Smith and Radford.6 The presence of alkali on the column not only minimises adsorption effects but also facilitates the “on-column’’ release of the corresponding base.s The choice of an inert support is obviously of paramount importance in itself and the development of highly silanised materials such as Gas-Chrom Q (Applied Science Labora- tories Inc.) has resulted in good peak symmetry in the absence of any added basic compounds.Tt is necessary to mention that silanisation of alkali-coated supports should not be attempted. A column packed with 3 per cent. OV-17 silicone on Gas-Chrom Q has been described by Alber13 as an “all-purpose gas - liquid chromatographic column for pharmaceuticals,” and although a number of basic nitrogenous drugs were chromatographed after injections of the salts the significance of this was not discussed nor were any quantitative results reported in the original paper. Similar columns have been subsequently utilised on several occasions. Tn this laboratory a 1-m x 4-mm i d . glass column packed with the same material has been successfully employed in the analysis of a wide range of basic nitrogenous drugs both as the free bases and as salts.Excellent peak symmetry is maintained even Ior those drugs with comparatively long retention times. The method has been shown to be capable of giving precise quantitative results by determinations on a number of salts ranging from comparatively simple esters such as lignocaine and procaine to complex alkaloidal structures such as cocaine morphine and papaverinc. Detailed results will be presented in a forth- coming paper.l* As an alternative to coating the support with alkali techniques based upon the addition of volatile basic materials to the carrier gas19 are currently being evaluated using ammonia vapour (from the decomposition of ammonium carbonate) and also polvethylenimine tetraethylenepentamine and tetrahydroxyethylcnediamine held on Celite. These materials werc packed into a glass tube which was fitted into the carrier-gas line immediately prior t.o the injection head.The effect of steam was also investigated by injecting water into the glass tube packed with Celite. The preliminary results suggest that both qualitatively and quantitatively polyethylen- imine and steani give the best performance. A full report of this work2n will be presented elsewhere in due course. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 . 6. 8. 9. 10. r 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. REFERENCES James A. T. Martin A. J. P. and Smith G. H. Riochem. J. 1952 52 238. James A. T. Ibid. 1952 52 242. Cmbreit G. R. Nygren R. E. and Testa A. J. J . Chvowzat. 1969 43 25. Simonaitis R. 4. and Guvernator. G. C.. 1. Gas Chmmat.. 1967 5 49. Thompson G. F. and Smith K. AnaZyt.”CChenz. 1965 37 1691.Smith E. D. and Radford K. D. I h i d . 1961 33 1160. O’Donnell J . F. and Mann C. K. I h i d . 1964 36 2097. Brochinatin-Harissen E. and Fontan C. K. J . Ckvomzt. 1965. 19 296. Parkcr K. D. Fontan C. R. and Kirk P. L. AnaZyt. Chem.. 1963 35 356. Kazyak I,. and Knoblock E. C. Ihid. 1963 35 1448. Bcckctt A. H. Tucker G. T. and Illoffat A. C. J. Phavnc. Pharnzac. 1967 19 273. Anthony (;. M. Brooks C. J. W. and illiddlcditch B. S. Ibid. 1970 22 205. Alber L. I-. J . A s s . Off. Analyt. Chcm. 1969 52 1296. Koehler H. M. and Heffcrren J . J. J . Phavvz. Sci. 1964 53 746. Parker I<. D. Fontan C. R. and Kirk P. L. ilnalyt. Chem. 1962 34 757. Vessman J.. A d a Phavna. Suecica 1964 I 183. Grcenwond N. D. and Guppy 1. W. Analyst submitted for publication. Knight H. S. An.alyt. Chem.1968 30 2030. Greenwood N. D. and Nursten H. E. in preparation. Ibzd. 1962 34 1345. _ _ _ _ ~ 294 ORIGINAL PAPERS IX PHARMACEUTICAL ASALYSIS [Proc. SOC. Annlyt. Chew. An Approach to the Identification of the Main Constituents of a Pharmaceutical Factory Dust BY T. H. PAGE (Depavtment of Tyade and Iladustvy Labovatory of the Govrt~nment Ch.emist. Covnwall House Starnfovd Street Luvdox SE1 9.VQ) THE cleanliness of any pharmaceutical factory necessarily forms an integrated part of the production control of the manufacturer concerned. Normally the clouds of dust that inevit- ably form during the nixing of fine powders are adequately removed by the extraction system but either as the result of spillage or overloading of extractors a dust deposit settles on ledges and around rnanulacturing sitcs.When dust is allowed to accumulate i t becomes a potential source of cross-contamination in later manufacture. The thickness of the deposit and its composition gives a valuable guide both to the cleanliness of factory air and to the efficiency of routine sweeping. The object of this analytical approach is not to identify all possible drug substances but rather to establish the presence of many of the commonly manufactured drug substances especially those used in relatively high dosage form. In such an approach an initial micro- scopic examination of the sample is rewarding in instances where distinction can be made between particles that are purely environmental and those that are pharmaceutically diag- nostic in origin. h i infrared spectrum of a sample of a dust as received can occasionally indicate the principal constituent of that dust which is more frequently found to be an excipient than an active drug substance.The real value of infrared analysis comes a t a later stage when the suspected components of the dust have been separated by using the approach scheme that follows. Many dusts contain only 1 to 5 per cent. of active drug substance mixed with a small and uncertain amount of degraded material and with relatively large amounts of excipients and environmental contaminants. The weighed amount of residue obtained alter ignition at 600 "C gives a guide to the proportion of inorganic matter. This residue is then examined by X-ray diffraction to assign general crystalline structurc and by X-ray fluorescence to assign elements with special reference to metals either toxic or known to be liarmful to the storage stability of some drug formulations.In order to extract a high proportion of the a.ctive drug substances a 100-mg sub-sample is ground with 3 g of grade-] ncutral aluminium oxide (\\'oelm neutral aluminium oxide Koch- Light Laboratories Ltd. Colnbrook Bucks.) and thc ground powder is placed above 6 g of the same alumina packed in a column 9 cm in length and 1 cm i.d. The entire column is eluted with at least 40 ml of analytical-reagent grade chloroform i n order to reinove caffeine phena- cetin and the hydrochlorides ol lignocaine imipramine and promazine and is then eluted with at least 40 ml of analytical-reagent grade methanol in order to remove meprobamate para- cetamol phenylbutazone and salicylamide as well as most barbiturates.Finally the column is deactivated by passing approximately 50 In1 of water through the column in order t o remove ascorbic acid aspirin (with salicylic acid) and nitrofurantoin. When working with sub-samples of less than 20 mg the sample is ground with 1 g of alumina and the powder is placed above 1 g of aluinina packed in a column 8 cm in length and 0-5 cm i d . and the entire column is eluted with proportionately less solvent. For rapid trial runs with pure chemicals of siispected drug components of tlic dust a Pasteur pipcttc con- taining about 0.5 g of alumina is convenient. Small colutnns are a.lso used in trial extractions of drug substances from synthetic dust. In instances where the extraction of drug substances from retaining environmental matter proves difficult a preliminary reflux of the dust in a selected solvent is recommended and the extract so obtained with suitable concentration is ground with alumina.Initial thin-layer tests require 10 x 20-cm plates coated with 0.25 mni of silica gel impreg- nated with 254-nm fluorescent indicator (Merclr plates Anderman and Co. Ltd. London). A concentrate of each eluate is developed either in both solvent system A and B or system C with A or B in two dimensions (Table T). A probable detection limit of drugs found to quench fluorescence is 100 ng. Those drugs which do not quench fluorescence can be rendered visible by using a sensitive spray reagcnt such as 2,7-diclilorofluoresceiri as described for the detection of meprobamate and other drugs.1 Rp- values found for sixteen drugs relative to caffeine = 1.00 are given in Table I.December 19731 ORIGINAL PAPERS I N PHARMACEUTICAL AK;BLYSIS 295 TABLE I R VALUES FOR IjRUGS IN DIFFERENT SOLVENT SYSTEMS RELATIVE TO CAFFEINE = 1.00 Solvent system* -7 Imipramine hydrochloride 1.07 0.62 0.07 Ligiiocaine hydrochloride 1.07 0.40 0.00 Protnazine hydrochloride 1.05 0.49 0.50 Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 1.05 0.48 0.07 Caffeine 1.00 1.00 1.00 Phe~iscetin 0.90 0.76 2.43 Codeine phosphate 0.86 0.30 0.00 Quinine hydrochloride 0.76 0-47 - Compound A B C Butobarbitone 0.55 0.73 2.86 Meprobamate 0.49 0.56 0.86 Salicylamide 0.44 0.81 3.29 Phenobarbitone 0.40 0.64 3.43 Morphine hydrochloride 0.30 0.16 0.00 Paracetamol 0.28 0.44 1.64 Theopli ylline 0.27 0.75 0.43 Salicylic acid 0.09 0.71 2.29 * h = Chloroform 90 methanol 10 0,880 ammonia 5 parts by volume (lower phase).* B = Chloroform 85 methanol 10 85 pcr ccnt.formic acid 5 parts by volu~ne.~ C = Benzcnc 60. diethyl ether 30 methanol 1 acetic acid 2 parts by volume (modificd from Stahl).3 Despite the simplicity offered by thin-layer chromatography it has serious limitations in so far as a large number of drug substances are known and the two main systems with the alternative two-dimcnsional system may be inadequate either to separate coniplctely or to identify many of the drug components present and in order to say conclusively that a partic- ular drug substance is present it is more certain to try various instrumental techniques rather than to sclcct additional thin-layer chromatographic systems. Infrared spectroscopy is the nietliod of choice but its operational success depends greatly on the use of secondary partition columns using buffered Celite for specific separations as described by Levii1e.l In addition ultraviolet spectroscopy is usefully employed as a confirmatory method of detecting drug substances that strongly absorb.Paracetamol for example strongly absorbs ultraviolet light at distinguishable wavelengths in acidic and alkaline solutions. Factory dusts may be simple in composition to represent no more than a single spillage that can occur a t any time in most manufacturing processes. However some dusts examined in this Laboratory have bccn complex in composition containing iiumerous drug substances as well as general environmental matter. The scheme presented can be extensively developed by the use of gas - liquid and high-pressure liquid chromatography and the results can be supported with accurate mass number determinations ; also the conclusions made on ground samples could be verified by sampling the factory air.REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. Stahl E. “Thin-layer Chromatography,” Allen and Unwin L o ~ ~ l o n 1969 p. 866 Egli. R. A Z . analyt. Chem. 1972 259 277. Stahl E. Ibid. 1969 556. Levine J. J . Pharm. Scz. 1963 52 1015. A Computerised Pharmaceutical Quality Control Documentation System BY A. R. CLARE (HeechaiN Research Laboratories Clavendon Road I Y ~ t h i n g Sussex) AND J. c. HALL (BrPclaam Group Ltd Brecham House Great West Road Br~ntfovd Middksex) HOWEVEK cfficicnt the analytical systems within a laboratory may be all is lost unless the methods of assembling assessing and distributing the resultant data are also efficient.296 ORIGINAL PAPERS IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS [Proc. SOC. Analyt. Chenz. 4 s soon as this manual documentation system becomes a bottleneck in the otherwise efficient analytical system in an industrial quality control laboratory a review of procedures is essential and this review should set out to define what action can be taken to achieve the following objectives 1. A reduction in the number of manual data transfers. 2. A saving of management time. 3. A saving of clerical time. 4. A saving of stock holding time. 5 . Flexibility in the system for future expansion. In our case this review was carried out with the co-operation of our Management Services and Work Study Departments whose expertise was invaluable. The conclusion reached was that a remote time sharing computer service would offer the most in terms of achieving the above objectives and an accounting exercise showed that the project was likely to be cost effective.The Leasco time sharing system was chosen (Leasco Response Ltd. London) and programming was carried out by ourselves having first defined (a) what data would be entered into the computer and in what order; ( b ) what the computer would be asked to do with it; and (c) what output would be required. A diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 1. - Private Post I 0 C of As reports Fig. 1 . Computerised system The sources of information a full set of all product specifications to be met and details of output including certificates of analysis and routine reports were therefore detailed and the computer programs written are shown in Table I.The new documentation flow-chart is shown in Fig. 2. The system has taken 18 months to run up and now all major bulk products are catered for accounting for about 85 per cent. of the work done by the original manual system. The result has been an average reduction in the time taken to complete the clearance of a batch of material through the bulk production quality control laboratories of 36 hours TABLE I LIST OF PROGRAMS Program name IKIT 1 I K I T 2 TEST CHECK PRINT DAY sw I< SVBSTI NOFIND FILPRI REPORT STRIP 0 STRIP 1 STRIP 2 INDCHK I- Description For opening a file for a new batch For entering approval of process and batch weights For entering analytical data from the laboratories and Processes newly entered analytical data Assembles batch data and prints certificates of analysis Prints summary of work outstanding after all available Allows the substitution of an existing result Prints matching list of analytical and batch numbers Prints the contents of a single batch file Prints a list of consecutive results for one parametcr Programs used for file dumping Checks the file indices for faults compares with specification data have been entered December 19731 ALCOHOLIC STRENGTH AXD ITS DETERMISATIOK 297 Sampling Process request details Computer C of A File M Plant Laboratory steward -+ Stores Computer Linear transfer records Manaaer's 1 I Manager's C of A off ice Clerk's office File File Planning ~ i i ~ - production <ie 1 control laboratory Fig.2. Documentation flow-chart representing a substantial saving in terms of stock held awaiting clearance. also proved to be less prone to human error. tion planning as well as retrospective trend analysis for production plant systems control. The system has Future plans include linking this system to existing systems for stock control and produc-

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9731000292

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

December 19731 ALCOHOLIC STRENGTH AXD ITS DETERMISATIOK 297 Progress Towards International Standardisation in the Field of Alcoholic Strength and its Determination THE fact that different nations have evolved a variety of different ways of expressing the strength of alcoholic solutions and a variety of different methods for measuring it has for many years been a source of misunderstanding and difficulty in international commerce. As a result of international discussions currently in progress these difficulties seem destined to disappear and the different national systems to be replaced by an agreed international system. The International Organisation of Legal Metrology (OIRIL) is a body that concerns itself with with matters related to measurements of all kinds insofar as they enter into the laws of member states (as for obvious reasons questions of alcoholic strength always do).Member states are morally obliged t o implement its decisions as far as possible. Most of the major nations including the U.K. L.S.A. France Federal Republic of Germany U.S.S.R. and Japan are members; the total membership is 38 states with 10 more “associated states.” This body has for several years been working in collaboration with the International Organis- ation for Standardisation (ISO) towards the establishment of internationally agreed units tables and apparatus in this field. Much progress has already been achieved and it was thought desirable that this progress should be summarised at the present time in order that chemists and other interested persons in the U.K. and in Commonwealth countries may know what is going on and can take timely steps to equip themselves for the changes which impend.I t has already been agreed that the new OIML system of expressing alcoholic strengths will be as a percentage of pure alcohol in the mixture-either a percentage by mass or a percentage by volume at 20 “C which latter seems certain to be adopted almost universally in preference to the mass figure. Hence virtually everybody is likely to have to alter his existing practice the French Germans Americans Russians and Japanese as well as our- selves. It is worth while to emphasise that the system based on the percentage by volume a t 298 ALCOHOLIC STRESGTH AYD ITS DETERMSATIOS [PVOC. SOC. Analyt. Chem. 20 "C although similar to the French Gay Lussac system which has as its basis the percentage by volume a t 15 "C is nevertheless measurably different from that system and in consequence it is important in order to avoid confusion to avoid referring to the new 20 "C system by the name of Gay Lussac.The OIML has also agreed an algebraic formula relating the proportion of alcohol the density and the temperature of alcohol - water mixtures. This formula will be the basis of international alcohol tables which will be published in due course by the OIAIL itself. Nothing will preclude member states from deriving other tables consistent with the formula if their particular fiscal systems so require. Discussion is continuing jointly between the OIJlL and the IS0 with a view to the production of an agreed international specification for glass alcohol hydrometers.The U.K. government has participated actively in these deliberations since their inception and has already begun taking steps to implement the resolutions which are in process of emerging from them. It is already clear for example that the Sikes hydrometer which has been the basis of British fiscal alcoholometry for more than a century is destined to disappear together with the entire proof spirit system associated with it. Although international agreement on a specification for alcohol hydrometers has not yet been finalised sufficient progress has been made to enable a committee of the British Standards Institution (BSI) to formulate a draft British Standard with reasonable confidence that it will accord with the international standard when the latter is eventually published.Of the three types of glass alcohol hydrometer envisaged by the committees of the OIhIL and of the ISO namely instru- ments graduated in percentage of alcohol by volume percentage of alcohol by mass and density the BSI committee have chosen the density-reading instruments and this choice has been endorsed by H.M. Customs and Excise. It is hoped shortly to invite tenders for the supply of this type of hydrometer and of the associated Celsius thermometers for use by the Customs and Excise staff. Informal arrangements have been made with the OIJIL for the use of the necessary computer programs in order to calculate tables for use with the new hydrometers. I t is envisaged that the tables will quote percentages of alcohol corresponding to every 0.2 kg m-3 of apparent density a t every 0.5 "C from -10 "C to +30 "C.The new tables which will replace the "Spirits Tables Sikes' Hydrometer," will be preceded by a preface internationally agreed giving details of the formula by which they were calculated and directions for using the instruments and for interpreting the readings. The E.E.C. has announced its intention of issuing a directive on alcoholometry under Article 100 of the Treaty of Rome once international agreement on alcohol hydrometers has been reached. This would be one of a series of such directives on measuring instruments that are designed to eliminate technical barriers to trade. There is less certainty about future procedures for laboratory determinations of alcohol. Apart from chemical and gas-chromatographic methods with which this note is not concerned the determination of alcohol is currently based on a measurement of specific gravity in air i.e.the ratio of the weight of a given volume of the liquid weighed in air against brass weights to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water a t the same temperature similarly weighed. Official "Spirit Tables Specific Gravity" have been published on behalf of H.M. Customs and Excise for 60 O F 80 "F and 20 "C relating specific gravities a t these temperatures with corresponding alcoholic strengths. These tables will need to be replaced and a decision needs to be made whether the replacement tables should be specific gravity tables calculated of course from the OIML formula or density tables. The fact that international bodies such as the International Wine Office have agreed methods for determining alcohol based on tables of density is an argument for the use of density tables. On the other hand if specific gravity tables for weighings in air can be made available existing laboratory manipulation procedures can be allowed to continue without change and this is certainly an argument in favour of the provision of such tables. For the time being both options are open and a further note will be published in due course when a decision has been taken. In the mean- time any person who entertains definite views as to what that decision should be is invited to communicate them to the Government Chemist at the address given below. LABORATORY OF THE GOVERNMENT CHEMIST CORNWALL HOUSE STAMFORD STREET LONDON SE1 9NQ R. I. SAVAGE

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9731000297

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

December 19731 CORRESPONDENCE ON AMALGAMATION 299 SAC Centenary Celebrations JULY 16TH TO 191H 1974 LOKDON HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY I s connection with the Centenary Celebrations the SAC has arranged for the preparation of a history of the Society from its formation in 1874 as the Society of Public Analysts. At the rcquest of Council this book has been written by two of the Society’s Past-Presidents Dr. R. C. Chirnside and Dr. J. H. Hamence and the manuscript is now with the printer. It is hoped to publish the book in timc for the Centenary Celebrations in 1974. 1 he authors have chosen to present the history under a number of headings each forming part of a more or less continuous narrative from the foundation in 1874 through two World Wars and two changes of name to the present temporary state of co-existence as the Society for Analytical Chemistry and the Analytical Division of the “new” Chemical Society.The history begins with an account of the origins of the Society and brief biographies of some of the more important of its founder and early members. The authors deal with the situation created by the passing of thc Food and Drugs Act of 1872 with the state of analytical ,. 300 SAC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRT TRCST FCKD [PYOC. S O C . i l n a l ~ t . Chew. chemistry at that period and the active movements concerning the qualification and profes- sional organisation of consulting and analytical chemists culminating in the formation of the Institute of Chemistry in 1877. The subsequent activities of the Society as reflected in its journal The Analyst are described with reference to seven periods of its life beginning with 1874-99 and ending with The history includes a definitive account of the discussions that took place over so long a period of the Society's life concerning a change in both name and objectives and of the sub- sequent "flowering" of the Society after the second World \Yar and of the impetus given to the enlargement of its horizons as a result of the formation of Groups. The publishing and other activities of the Society in recent years are outlined and the history ends with an attempt to set out the considerations that Council and members will have in mind in deciding under what terms the Society will enter the second century of its existence. 1953-73.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA973100299b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

300 SAC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRT TRCST FCKD [PYOC. S O C . i l n a l ~ t . Chew. Papers Accepted for Publication in The Analyst THE following papers have been accepted for publication in The Aizalyyst and are expected to appear in the near future. “Determination of Organoisothiocyanates Alone and in Mixtures with Organoisocyanates or Thioureas,” by Balbir Chand Verma and Swatantar Kumar. “Determination of an Isomeric Impurity in Samples of RIorantel Tartrate by Gas - Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of the Products of a Controlled Degradation Procedure,” by E. Addison E. Davison and P. F. \Vadsworth. “Determination of Polyoxyethylene $-t-Xonylphenyl Ethers in Pomzdes,” by C. Calzo- lari L. Favretto and F. Tunis. “Photometric Determination of Manganese in \Vater by Using o-Tolidine,” by .Josef Ma19 and Hubert Fadrus.“Determination of Organic Acids of Low Relative hIolecular Nass in Dilute dqueous Solution,” by Olof Bethge and Krister Lindstr6m. “Detection of Curcumn zedoaria and Curcunza arornatica in Curciima longn (Turmeric) by Thin-layer Chromatography,” by A. R. Sen P. Sen Gupta and S. Ghose Dastidar. December 19731 SHORT COURSES 301 “The Determination of Clopidol in Animal Feeds,” by the Analytical Methods Com- mittee. “Determination of L-Carrageenan with 2-Thiobarbituric Acid,” by W. Anderson and W. Bowtle. “A Comparison of Two Procedures for the Determination of Organobrornine b y the (Schoniger) Oxygen-Flask Method,” by R. C. Denney and P. A. Smith. “Problems in the Determination of Carbon in Steel by a Precision Coulonietric Method,” by J . D. Hobson and H. Leigh. “Automated in situ Preparation of Azomethine H and the Subsequent Determination of Boron in Aqueous Solution,” by W. D. Basson P. P. Pille and A. L. du Preez. “A Potentiometric Method for the Determination o f Chloride in Boiler Waters in the Kange 0-1 to 10 pg ml-l of Chloride,” by K. Torrance. “A Stable and Sensitive Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D,) by Using Trifluoroacetic Acid,” by Samir A. Gharbo and Leo A. (iosser. “A Combustion Method for the Determination of Total Sulphur in Limestones,” b y I,. 31. Rundle. “Gel Supports for Electrophoresis with Pyridine - Acetic Acid Media,” by D. Leighton G. J. Moody and J . D. R. Thomas.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA973100300b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

December 19731 SHORT COURSES 301 The Chemical Society’s Library THE following publications of analytical interest have been added to the Library since the last list appeared in Procecdings (1973 10 240). 1;ATE O F ORGANIC PESTICIDES I N T I I E LkQVATIC ENVIRONMENT. AMEKICAN CHEMIC.41. SOCIETY n I V I S I o X OF PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY SYMPOSIUM 1971. Advanccs in C.heniistry Series Nu. 111. American Chernical Society. 1972. Academic Press. 1973. VAroun. Second Edition. FACTORY IKSPECTORATE. 1 I . M . S . O . 1973. HIGH PKESSUKE L I ~ U I D CHROhlATOCRAPHY RTOCHEMICAL AKll BIOklEDlCAL AkPPLICATIOKS. P. K. BROWN. hlETHODS FOR T H E DETECTION OF TOXIC SE3ST.4NCES I N A I R . BOOKLET No. 2 . HYDROGEN CYANIDE RlETIIODS FOR THE DETECTIOK OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IK A I R . ROOKl.ET N O . 4. BEKZEhE; TOLUENE A S U XYLENE; STYKEKE.Third Edition. FACTORY INSPECTORATE. H.hf.S.O. 1972. MRTHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF TOXIC SURSTANCES I N AIR. BOOKLET NO. 25. Z r s c O x m E FuniE. METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN AIR. BOOKLET No. 26. CYCLOHEXANONE AND FACTORY INSPECTORATE. H.M.S.O. 1972. METHYLCYCLOHEXANONE. FACTORY INSPECTORATE. H.M.S.O. 1972. 302 XOTICES [Proc. SOC. Annlyt. Chew. AXALYSIS AKD SIMULATION OF BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS. 8TH E'EDERATOS O F EUROPEAN BIOCHEXICAL SOCIETIES MEETING AMSTERDAM 1972. FEES Meetings Volume 25 Sorth-Holland. 1972. COLOGY. C. FEST and K.- J. SCHMIDT. Springer-Verlag. 1973. CIATION. 1972. Press. 1972. CEXCE SPECTROMETRY PARIS 1971. 2 Volumes. Hilger. 1972. and W. C. JANKOWSKI. Wiley-Interscience. 1972. THE CHEMISTRY O F ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES REACTIVITY SYXTHESES AfODE O F AkCTIOS TOXI- FIRE ASD RELATED PROPERTIES OF INDVSTRIAL CHEMICALS.Fourth Edition. FIRE PROTECTION Asso- IKTERPRETATIOX OF MASS SPECTRA OF ORGAXICOMPOUNDS. nI. C. HAMMISG and S. G. FOSTER. Academic PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 3 R D IKTERKATIOXAL CONGRESS O F ATOMIC ABSORPTION AKD 2kTOMIC FLUORES- CARBON-13 ShIR SPECTRA A COLLECTIOX O F ASSIGSED CODED AXD IKDEXED SPECTRA. L. F. JOHXSON ANALYSIS OF TRIGLYCERIDES. C. LITCHFIELD. Academic Press. 1972. JfASS SPECTROMETRY O F INORGANIC AXD ORGAKOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. %I. R. LITZOW and T. R. SPALDISG. Elsevier. 1973. TURE ANALYSIS. G. H. W. MILBURN. Butterworths. 1973. and J . J. ZUCKERYAS. Academic Press. 1973. X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AS INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SISGLE-CRYSTAL STRUC- DETERMIEATIOS OF ORG.4NIC STRUCTURES BY PHYSICAL I\IETHODS. LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IS FOOD AXALYSIS. D. PEARSOX. Butterworths. 1973. SEMISAR OX EKVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES Orso 19'71 THERMOMETRIC A S D ESTHALPIMETRIC TITRIMETRY. G. x. YAVGHAN. van Nostrand. 1973. V-olume 5. Edited by F. c. KACHOD Edited by F. R1aTsuhrr;RA r t al. Academic Press 1972. PESTICIDES IS THE ENVIRONMENT. Volume 1 Part 11. Edited by R. WHITE-STEVEKS. Marcel Dekker. 1971. PERIODICALS MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY. A Specialist Periodical Report. Chemical Society. 1973. TOXICOLOGICAL AND ESVIROSMENTAL CHEMISTRY REVIEWS. 1972. Volume 1.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA973100301b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1973

数据来源: RSC