摘要:

This paper examines the performance of the Finnish economy during the so‐called incomes policy period, 1969‐80. For this purpose Finland is compared with the other OECD countries both before and during the incomes policy period. The results suggest that in terms of economic growth, inflation and unemployment, Finnish economy has improved its performance, particularly before the economic recession of the mid‐seventies. Cross‐national comparisons point out that the recession has been met in various ways: some countries have restrained inflation, some unemployment. Secondly, the paper examines the effects of incomes policy agreements on the growth of social expenditure, the result being that incomes policy cannot be regarded as responsible for the growth of social expenditure in Finland. Thirdly, effects on income distribution are analyzed. Here incomes policy has played a role: income inequalities diminished during the first five years of incomes policy. Since then, they have not changed. The paper ends by discussing the impact and nature of incomes

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article presents a comparative analysis of the EC‐debate in Norway and Denmark preceding the referenda in 1972. The focus is on the basic economic interests involved, and how major organizations presented their arguments to protect their sectors of the economy. The theoretical point of departure is the idea of rational behavior, where actors are supposed to pursue self‐interests. Special emphasis is placed on strategic considerations, because each group needed to appeal to people outside their own sector to mobilize a majority of the national vote. Ideological legitimization as well as variations in economic conditions and geographic mobility are discussed. The empirical basis is a content analysis of editorials in Norwegian and Danish organizational papers. The conclusion is that although it is important to include egoistic self‐interests in order to understand the positions of various groups in the EC‐debate, it is also important to include aspects beyond narrow sectorial interests. Strategic considerations led to rapprochment between traditional opponents along the left‐right axis in Norway, while the same groups in Denmark, although they agreed on the EC‐issue, confronted each other with respect to major economi

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A theory of the budgetary process within public resource allocation has to recognize two basic properties of budgetary behavior and budgetary interaction: variation over time and program variation. Our results indicate that the hypothesis of program variation is worthy of effort, as we find different decision mechanisms operating in the six programs studied, which belong to different categories of public resource allocation. Variation over time is particularly difficult to accommodate within the framework of incrementalist notions: incremental decision rules imply structural stability over time slices. We find the opposite to be true in two of the program types analyzed, the transfer programs and the service programs. Bureaucratic programs may look incremental; however, that may only be an appearance, as a closer analysis of the data indicates that the decision mechanism involves the occurrence of shift‐points or non‐incremental changes. A theory of the public expenditure process has to take into account both incremental decision strategies and non‐incremental ones, which requires an econometric methodology based on the possibility of structural variability. Such a methodology includes the use of both test statistics and estimation techniques suitable to the occurrence of structural variab

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Modern governments must increase their capacity for analysing and evaluating public programmes. Evaluations, however, take place in a political context and many policies have unstated political goals. Sweden appears to have a highly developed evaluation and effectiveness auditing system and the Swedish case is instructive, not only because of its experience in the evaluation field, but also because it illustrates the changing policy style. Two main agencies are involved in the evaluation process and they both experience some difficulties in their evaluation studies. These difficulties stem in part from the political environment in which they both operate but also relate to their own organisational styles. The resource squeeze could bring broad environmental charges which could be conducive to a greater influence for the two agencies.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Barry Turner with Gunilla Nordquist,The Other European Community: Integration and Cooperation in Nordic EuropeLars Anell and Birgitta Nygren:The Developing Countries and the World Economic Order.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1983.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY