摘要:

The study reported in this article compares local political activity of voluntary organizations in a Norwegian and an English city — Tromsø and Birmingham. The two cities display rather striking structural similarities with respect to the relative number of organizations as well as to organizational membership. The relative distribution of major types of organizations is also rather similar, although there is a greater degree of organizational specialization in the English city.With respect to political activity of the organizations the two cities are, however, quite different. While two thirds of the organizations in Tromsø have been active in local political matters, this holds true for less than 30 per cent of the organizations in Birmingham.This difference is attributed to the finding that in the Norwegian case local government assists organizations with goods and services, while in the English case organizations have to depend on their own internal resources. An additional factor is that Norwegian organizations, when compared to their English counterparts, have greater access to political decision‐making b

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study we replicate American studies of discrepancy at the aggregate level between popular agreement about abstract democratic principles and the lack of their application to particular political contexts. We explain this discrepancy by adopting a research design which allows us to assess the functional relationships between respondents' evaluation of democratic norms and the major expressions contained in these norms, including the engaged democratic values.Multivariate statistical analyses showed a systematic tendency for the democratic value component to have the greatest weight and the group evaluation component the least weight in Danes' formation of democratic norms. This stress pattern was replicated across a series of subgroups of Danes varying in level of political interest, amount of formal education, and extent of subjective social competence.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of farmers on public policy has often been analysed by means of a pressure‐group paradigm. Here the paradigm is integrated into a more general theoretical framework with focus on the content of agricultural policy. Differences in agricultural policies are first of all explained by the consensus‐making capacity of the political process. Crucial here is the agricultural profile of the Social Democratic parties, and how far the cost of increasing farm income impinges on the interest of other social gro

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Scandinavian countries are characterized by high electoral participation and high enrollment in interest organizations. Consequently, most citizens are represented in politics by both parties and organizations, and the problem is which kind of representation citizens prefer. Danish survey data show that members appreciate their interest organizations. Furthermore, the public wants government to stay out of industrial relations and to consult interest organizations. However, there are limits to the influence which the public permits organizations. Thus organizations should only have a say on policies in fields related to their narrowly defined interest and they should not be allowed to become too strong. The political problem is to balance the principle of parliamentary supremacy and the principle of taking due regard to all interests concerned.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The article discusses the validity of consociational theory, an influential trend in political science research in the 1970's. The theory, as formulated by Arend Lijphart, both seeks to explain the conditions for political stability in fragmented societies, and to present a model for democratic government in such societies. The first part of the article gives an interpretation of the theory. The second part presents the main critics of the consociational paradigm. The article concludes that the theoretical arguments against consociationalism carry considerable weight, but the normative challenge of consociational theory remains when confronted with the quest for conflict management in deeply divided societies.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study discusses some of the test that have been performed on the hypothesis originally advanced by Lipset and Rokkan in 1967 that the modern party systems were frozen along the cleavage lines of the 1920's. It is found that most if not all of the studies of trend/variability character are fraught with problems of both methodology and measurement and hence cannot be used as evidence either for or against the theory. Indeed, it is the final conclusion of the article that Lipset and Rokkan have framed their hypothesis in such a way that it is inherently untestable.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY