摘要:

Traditional growth theory viewed economic growth as a resultant of economic factors, in particular capital investment. Development economics implied a broader approach, emphasizing social structure change and human capital. Finally, it was also hinted that political factors could influence the rate of change in the development of the economic system. Testing various theories of economic growth we find that institutional sclerosis is the basic political factor that is related to the process of economic growth. The next step is to analyse how political structures and public policy have an impact on the basic factor in economic growth, viz. investments.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1987.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Short‐term changes in party membership figures have hypothetically been attributed to a connection between electoral success and membership effort. In the long‐term, however, mass party organizations may be doomed to oudive themselves, since elections can be won by utilizing modern mass media techniques. Both assertions could more easily be falsified than confirmed in my study of Scandinavian party membership. After World War II. party membership in Scandinavia has steadily been increasing, except in Denmark where membership has continuously shrunk. Findings show that most rank‐and‐file party members are superfluous in electoral campaigns. But Die main function of party members is no longer campaigning. Instead, they are holding seats in a multitude of municipal councils, boards, and committees. This change is made possible mainly by two factors public party subsidies and the politicization of municipal elections. The causal link between these two factors is, however, not mechanical. Instead it depends on how many public subsidies are offered, the platforms of parties, and the number of seats needed in running the municipalities. In Denmark, public subsidies are unheard of and expensive public elections are held at least annually. Also, the number of supplied seats are few. Thus, if costs are high and rewards are few, then a membership decline is p

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1987.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data on self‐placement and political perception on an ideology scale from surveys of adults in Sweden and the U.S. were analyzed and compared. Consensus in political perception, the correlation between perception of the party's and its leader's position, distinctiveness and polarization, subjective agreement, and a rational democratic coefficient were all substantially higher in Sweden. In spite of these differences, evidence of assimilation and contrast effects in perception was observed within both countrie

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1987.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There has been a growing concern about administrative reform in many countries during the last 10–20 years. The central administrative apparatus has been restructured, partly as an instrument to fulfill collective, political goals. This study of the reorganization of the central health administration in N orway shows that political and administrative leaders increase their control through a planned reorganization. But such a comprehensive reform also creates problems in adjusting to new administrative role

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1987.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In direct elections to the European Parliament, the behaviour of the Danish electorate, unlike that of other member countries of the EC, deviates strongly from the usual party pattern of national, general elections, thus producing a very differently structured Euro‐party system. The existence of this distinct Euro‐party system has been confirmed in the two consecutive Euro‐elections of 1979 and 1984. This article analyses the special electoral behaviour of the Danish voters in Euro‐elections. The deviation is explained primarily by the presence of a European cleavage in the Danish electorate which partly counteracts normal party identification. While supporters of Danish membership of EC vote just as they do in national, general elections, opponents of EC behave in a very different way. The voting in Euro‐elections has become a mixture of election and referendum

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1987.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY