摘要:

Over the past couple of decades, the level of turnout in Norwegian local elections has shown a steady d. This decline is paralleled by a greater range of variation in turnout across Norwegian municipalities. Arguing from the perspective of rational utility‐maximizing voters, the article examines to what extent such variations in the level of turnout may be accounted for by the policy performance of local authorities – in addition to certain structural features of the municipalities and local communities. Using aggregate data on turnout and measures of policy performance. the analysis testifies to the suggestion that policy exerts an influence in determining the level of turnout, indicating a turn in the direction of more rational voting behaviour as far as local elections arc concerned. It is also evident from the analysis that the appearance of smaller single‐issue parties does have a mobilizing effect in local elections while the Downsian suggestion about the effect of party competition on turnout levels is not supported by the mule of the ana

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper Compares and Contrasts the Australian and Scandinavian welfare states with a view to demonstrating that, whilst the extent of welfare expenditures and the instruments of social policy vary quite markedly in these countria, policy outcomes in terms of levels of inequality and poverty and social protection are much more similar. In the course of this comparison. the paper casts serious doubts on the usefulness of both the prevailing paradigms for evaluating welfare state performance: measures of expenditure effort and measures of welfare decommodification. Instead. it is argued that welfare state performance can only be properly assessed, as Richard Titmuss pointed out many years ago, by evaluating the impact of fiscal and occupational welfare in addition to the extent and character of the explicit expenditures of the state. When we broaden our conception of social policy in this way. Australia appears much less of a welfare state laggard than it is often taken to be and the oft mooted Scandinavian claim to welfare superiority is. perhaps. rather less compelling than is sometimes argued.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bad on data from Denmark, the paper examines the development of gender differences in political tolerance during the 1970s and 1980s. There was a large gender gap in tolerance at the beginning of the 1970s. which had totally disappeared by the end of the 1980s. The analysis shows that at the beginning of the 1970s. the gender gap is partly explained by differences in political involvement. Interpreted as a result of the different political socialization of men and women. However. part of the difference is unchanged by any control. and this “unexplained” difference is interpreted as the result of a specific female culture. Against this background, it is surprising that the gender difference in political tolerance has vanished only twenty years later. The paper argues that, during these twenty years. a cultural shift has taken place in Denmark. merging the female and male cultures. and eliminating the hitherto ‘unexplained’ gender dif

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Douglas A. Hibbs, Jr.: Solidarity or EgoismKramer vs. Hibbs. The Case of the Research DesignMeasuring the Sociotropic Variables: Are they Elusive or Robust?Value for MoneyJenny Chapman:Politics, Feminism and the Reformation of Gender

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1994.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY