摘要:

Minor and new parties tend to be forgotten by analysts of parties and party systems. Good as well as bad reasons account for this neglect. The neglect ought, however, to be remedied, since it can be argued that minor, and especially new minor, parties play an important role in the transformation of party systems.On the basis of a ‘broad’ definition of the concept of political party it is suggested that it is worthwhile to look upon parties as mortal organizations bounded by a lifespan. The lifespan of a party can be described by means of four threshold concepts, and it is further argued that lifespan curves can be studied in terms of their modality, dispersion, flatness, and skewness.A number of questions are derived from these concepts. A new typology of minor parties and of party lifespans may be generated from this appro

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1982.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Danish parliamentary parties have traditionally been known for their high degree of cohesion. Recent social and political changes may, however, justify a hypothesis on a decline of party cohesion. In this paper two conflicting hypotheses on party cohesion in the Danish Parliament during the 1970s are formulated and empirically tested. The application of different operationalizations of party cohesion all give the same result: The hypothesis on a decline of party cohesion is false, whereas the hypothesis on a high degree of party cohesion is true. Party cohesion is as high in the 1970s as in previous decades, and the new parties gaining representation during the 1970s are as cohesive as the old, well established parties.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1982.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Much analysis has pointed to the impact of interest organisations on policy‐making. This paper focuses on the importance of interest organisations at the mass level. The sympathies of citizens for parties and interest organisations are compared, and it is shown (a) that organisations more often than parties are ‘neutral objects’; for the citizens and (b) that most citizens — even members of the organisations — rate parties higher than they do interest organisations. Finally, it is shown that organisational membership only has a small impact on political views in a policy field (labour market relations), which should be highly relevant for the organisations. In sum, interest organisations have hardly at the mass level replaced parties as main objects of affection and or

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1982.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

if a party system is really a system, i.e. a set of objects with relationships between the objects and between their attributes, and not simply an unordered set of political parties, then it is a vital problem in party research to identify thesystemsproperties of this kind of system. We argue that the semantically relevant properties of the party systems in European democracies may be derived from the observational outcome of the operation of a party system, i.e. the national elections since the introduction of democratic procedure. Thus we arrive at five systems dimensions: functional orientation, fractionalization, radical orientation, polarization and volatility. The problems of party system change and stability are analysed by estimating the occurrence of trends and fluctuations over time in these party system dimensions for the set of European democratic party systems. The finding is that the widely accepted thesis of stability in European party systems is not corroborated.

ISSN:0080-6757    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1982.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY