摘要:

The first transformer was built in 1885. Progress for the first century was linear, based more on experience than on science. Improvements included material developments to reduce no-load loss generated in the core and load loss generated in the windings and structural parts. High capitalisation rates used to evaluate cost of ownership have driven materials suppliers to produce very low loss core steels and has encouraged the development of amorphous steel. Measures taken to control load loss have included the fitting of magnetic shunts to provide an alternative path for leakage flux. High reliability in service is a major requirement for power transformer design. New failure mechanisms have been identified that include part-winding resonance, fast-front transients, geomagnetic disturbances and static electrification. These new phenomena must be understood and design philosophies developed to encompass the potential problems. Progress in the second century is science based with the application of rigorous design control procedures to ensure that every innovative change is correctly reviewed to establish the pedigree of the change and foresee all possible ramifications of the change on the transformer in test or in service

ISSN:1479-8344    

DOI:10.1049/pe:19910004

出版商:IEE    

年代:1991

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Improved techniques for controlling VAr flows can bring about further reductions in power losses and save alternative capital investment in transmission, distribution and industrial electricity supply networks. The quality of voltage provided to consumers may also be improved. Thyristor switching, computer control and optical communications technology all assist in these developments, but they must be cost effective

ISSN:1479-8344    

DOI:10.1049/pe:19910005

出版商:IEE    

年代:1991

数据来源: IET

摘要:

This article, based on a contribution to an IEE discussion meeting, tries to predict the effect of the measures being introduced by the European Commission for the creation of the Single European Market on the transmission and distribution plant business. It is an overview of the factors involved and the effects produced in a business dominated by the purchasing power of large electrical utilities.

ISSN:1479-8344    

DOI:10.1049/pe:19910006

出版商:IEE    

年代:1991

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The effects of 1992 are interwoven with those of prvisation. The combination will radically alter the characteristics of the power equipment market in the UK. Manufacturing industry is already being shaped, and the long-established interface between customers and suppliers will change

ISSN:1479-8344    

DOI:10.1049/pe:19910007

出版商:IEE    

年代:1991

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Our civilisation is heavily dependent on the constant and reliable availability of electrical energy, which is supplied through an interconnected power system and generated by synchronous generators. The power system and its generators must be stable, for the occasional loss of stability can be quite traumatic. The study of power systems stability is essential if it is to be retained, and these tutorials aim to show that it can also be interesting.

ISSN:1479-8344    

DOI:10.1049/pe:19910008

出版商:IEE    

年代:1991

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The electricity supply industry has a number of ‘Medallion’ award specifications covering the thermal performance of houses. The Medallion 2000 is at present the most advanced. It requires a number of features in addition to the 1990 Building Regulations. These are: double glazing in place of single glazing; a high degree of structural airtightness; and whole house mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. The ‘2000’ specification was derived from systematic research and development, owner/occupied field trials and detailed market considerations. This article gives a general review of the work

ISSN:1479-8344    

DOI:10.1049/pe:19910012

出版商:IEE    

年代:1991

数据来源: IET