摘要:

After surveying objections to using expansionary fiscal policy to raise output and employment. this article concludes that budget deficits do not necessarily lead to high interest rates and that crowding out is only moderate. even with non‐accommodating monetary policy. The major constraint on the effectiveness of expansionary fiscal policy is the need to avoid devaluation. If real wages are rigid downwards. devaluation will lead to increases in inflationary pressure rather than increases in output. Because of this. and because of inflationary pressure from short‐run Phillips curve effects. expansionary fiscal policy must be complemented by a prices and incomes pol

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When entry into an industry is restricted, economic regulation of that industry is often directed at preventing existing firms from monopoly pricing behaviour. One form of such regulation is to set prices so as to control the level of profits earned by these firms. This paper briefly reviews the relevant economic literature and presents a model of the regulated firm in which such price‐setting procedures provide an incentive to inflate costs above minimum levels. The welfare cost of this form of regulation can then exceed that occurring at the unconstrained monopoly outcome. The setting of air fares under the Two‐Airline Policy and the regulation of natural gas in NSW are discussed in the context of this analy

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

‘In a time when whales and seals are classified as endangered species, babies also seem to be an endangered species ˙˙˙ with so many mothers in the workforce our population growth has dropped below zero and I think the Federal government should counter that trend˙˙˙˙ Babies born in Australia are our best new Australians.’ (Senator Florence Bjelke‐Petersen in a speech to the Women's Action Alliance, reported in the Canberra Times,3 June 1981.)The paper examines the labour supply of married women in Australia using data from the 1974 Census of Population and Housing. A number of approaches to modeling are employed. In the first instance OLS equations are estimated. These estimates are compared with instrumental variable estimates endogenizing wage rates. and with estimates from a three‐equation system endogenizing fertility as well as wages. The evidence suggests that many of the factors proposed by modern theory do exercise significant influences in anticipated directions on the labour supply of married wome

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using data from the 1976 Australian Census of Population and Housing, estimates of the influence of family income. labour market conditions, religious denomination, foreign origin, locality and teenage income on the school participation rate of various teenage groups are obtained. These results suggest that family income is the most important determinant of school participation. The effect of the level of unemployment upon school participation is only modest. In some instances the direction of its influence is contrary to conventional wisdom.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is argued that the roles of relative factor intensity and of the degree of factor mobility have been neglected in models of booming export industries. This paper shows that, contrary to popular beliefs. the mineral export boom may result in (a) an expansion of all industries, (b) an increase in the profitability of the traditional tradeables sector, and(c) a fall in the relative price of non‐tradeable

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main contribution of this paper is to provide the estimates of the degree of progressivity (or regressivity) of the sales or excise tax on more than 300 individual consumption items. This is the first tax incidence study which considers such a fine classification of goods and services. The estimates based on theAustralian Household Expenditure Survey1975–7 6 provide a guideline for determining the tax rates on individual consumption items. Several interesting findings which emerge from the numerical results given in the paper suggest the usefulness of considering such a fine classification of goods and service

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is argued that deregulation of housing interest rates would, under plausible assumptions, substantially increase the cost of housing finance in Australia, contrary to the impression created by theFinal Reportof the Australian Financial System Inquiry (the Campbell Report). Characteristics of the market for owner‐occupier housing finance, on both the demand and supply sides, suggest that the deregulated market rate will be approximately equal to the uncontrolled rate under regulation. The weighted average interest rate for owner‐occupier housing finance at December 1981 is more than three percentage points below the uncontrolled rate. The authors conclude that while this result does not of itself constitute an argument against deregulation, it does imply that deregulation would have a substantial distributional imp

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Technological Diffusion and Industrialisation Before 1914. by A. G. Kenwood and A. L. LougheedInterest Rates, edited by D. J. JuttnerShare Markets and Portfolio Theory: Readings and Australian Evidence, edited by Ray Ball, Philip Brown, Frank J. Finn and R. R. OfficerRationalising Rustic Regulation, by E. SieperGōshū Keizai Handobukku(Handbook of the Australian Economy), edited by Kojima Kiyoshi/Nichi‐Gō Ghōsa IinkaiIncome inequality and Poverty: Methods of Estimation and Policy Applications. by Nanak C. KakwaniThe Accuracy and Reliability of the Quarterly National Accounts, by A. G. JohnsonDemocracy in Trade Unions: Studies in Membership Participation and Control, by M. Dic

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1983.tb00585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY