摘要:

Human capital equations are estimated for males and females in Australia, which express earnings as the product of endowments and the return on these endowments. The results are used to examine the effect of discrimination on the difference in the average earnings. The effect of occupational segregation on the earnings of women is also examined.

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of 1030 women aged between 20 and 60 years was made in 1977 in Eastwood, a middle‐class suburb of Sydney. It was used to measure the size of the female labour force and the level of unemployment in the area. In addition, logit analysis was applied to the data to identify the personal and family characteristics that determined work behaviour. It was found that active workforce participation and hours of work could be explained adequately by only four variables—age of respondent, marital status, education level and (where relevant) age of youngest ch

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper considers some policy choices posed by the prospective Australian resources boom, distinguishing between the investment boom and the export boom and between the adjustment and the non‐adjustment options. With adjustment both booms are likely to lead to real appreciation, raising the ‘Dutch disease’ issues. Non‐adjustment means accumulating foreign exchange reserves by preventing both nominal appreciation and inflation. It is discussed whether protection by tariffs or quotas should be lowered or raised because of the export boom. An Appendix analyzes the monetary policy implications of both the floating rate (adjustment) and the fixed rate (non‐adjustme

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Historians of economic thought have generally considered that W. S. Jevons' Australian work on political economy has little significance. This article presents three arguments for reassessing that account. First, while in Australia, Jevons formulated the basic premises of hisTheory of Political Economy.Second, the key influence on him during this period was not D. Lardner, as previously thought, but Professor Maurice Pell of Sydney University. Third, in Australia, Jevons formulated the project which culminated in the publication of his Theory—the derivation of ‘laws’ of income distribution, showing economic agents were rewarded according to their contribution to produ

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper surveys the Japanese literature on wage determination, highlighting the debate between institutional and human capital explanations of inter‐firm wage differentials. Both approaches predict (and find) that years of tenure in the current firm are more highly rewarded than outside experience, but do not explain adequately the systematic differences in this valuation of experience across industry, firm size and occupation. An alternative hypothesis linking technical change to skills and wage differentials is reviewed and shown to be supported empiricall

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper a model of the production structure in the aggregate Australian manufacturing sector is estimated, emphasizing the use this sector makes of energy inputs. A translog cost function is estimated with time‐series data for four inputs, capital services, labour services, energy and materials and likewise an energy submodel is estimated for solid fuels, oil, electricity and gas. The substitutabilily and the complementarity relationships between the various factor inputs and between the various fuels are examined: an interesting finding is that capital and energy are substitutes and labour and energy are complements. Factor price elasticities are calculated and turn out to be quite significant. The study concludes that rising energy prices will induce significant shifts in both the mix of fuel inputs and the level of aggregate energy utilizatio

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper provides estimates of transport cost and tariff protection available to import‐competing Australian manufacturing industries. It finds that transport costs provide an important component of total protection available to such industries; one which, for many, is more important than the Australian tariff. In view of the effects of protection on industrial structure and performance, it should be explicitly recognized that transport costs are an unavoidable element of the protective structure and are deserving of study in their own righ

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper considers the properties of a class of models which is based on the Addilog demand system. These models not only fulfil the adding‐up criterion but also ensure that the predicted expenditures are non‐negative and a subset of these models permits the existence of saturation levels for certain commodities. A goodness of fit comparison between this class and other systems of Engel curves favours the Addilog model. The estimated expenditure elasticities compare favourably with previous estimates of Australian household expenditure patterns and it is observed that the elasticities for health and alcohol and tobacco expenditures have decreased substantially from their levels in the late 19

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alternative public policies frequently incorporate distributional goals. The elasticity of the social marginal valuation of income, ε, can help to derive welfare weights for different individuals in different income groups. Estimates are presented of the elasticity of the social marginal valuation of income implied by the Australian personal income tax, in the period 1968–69 to 1975–76. Both equal absolute (EAS) and equal proportional sacrifice (EPS) models are used to infer the elasticity values. Using taxable income as a proxy for income, the consistent value of ε under EAS was found to range from 2.07 to 2.57; the EPS range was 1.76 to 2.40. A number of considerations suggested a best‐guess magnitude of about 2.2. Caution is urged in the interpretation and use of these

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Hidden Unemployment: The Australian Experience, by Peter Stricker and Peter Sheehan (Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, Melbourne, 1981)The Economics of the Performing Arts, by C. D. Throsby and G. A. Withers (Edward Arnold, Melbourne, 1979)The British Shipbuilding Industry, 1870–1914, by Sydney Pollard and Paul Robertson (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979)This Sin and Scandal: Australia's Population Debate 1891–1911, by N. Hicks (Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1978)Economic Crisis, Cities and Regions: An Analysis of Current Urban and Regional Problems in Australia, by Frank J. B. Stilwell with contributions by Graham Larcombe (Pergamon Press [Australia] Ltd, Sydney, 1

ISSN:0013-0249    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1982.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY