ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alcohol misuse remains the single most important contributing factor to road accident deaths and injuries in Australia. The results of compulsory blood alcohol tests on road casualties have shown that probationary licensed drivers have a threefold increased risk of road accident injury compared to fully licensed drivers and are additionally over‐represented in alcohol‐related crashes. These findings led the Victorian Road Trauma Committee to campaign for a zero blood alcohol limit for learner and probationary drivers and motorcyclists. In May 1984, zero blood alcohol legislation was enacted in Victoria. The present legislation applies to learner and first year probationary licence holders. For the first time we have evidence of a moderate reduction in alcohol‐related road trauma in Victoria. Between 1977 and 1983 there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of driver casualties admitted to hospital with illegal blood alcohol concentrations and in the number of driver fatalities with blood alcohol concentrations in excess of 0.15 g%. An evaluation of the following recommended drink driver countermeasures is presented: improved driver education, increased penalties, re‐education‐rehabilitation programmes for convicted drink drivers, interlock devices and an increase in the legal dri

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The individual surgeon's training, experience and flexibility are decisive factors in the successful recovery of patients after surgery for acute bleeding peptic ulcer. With planned management, careful preparation for surgery should be considered as of equal importance to surgical skill. Early diagnosis and exact resuscitation are the two most important aspects of a plan of treatment which anticipates the need for early surgery. In the past, patients were often referred late for surgery after significant blood loss and transfusion. Surgeons have endeavoured to define the cases that are likely to rebleed and prepare them promptly for surgery. Probably the best indications for early surgery are severe haemorrhage, reflected by shock on admission, an age of over 50 and active bleeding from the ulcer seen at diagnostic endoscopy. Prospective studies have shown a reduction in mortality from bleeding ulcer where policy requires early endoscopic diagnosis, exact resuscitation in the intensive care unit and early surgery in high risk cases.

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ileorectal anastomosis is a controversial operation. Its use has been promoted for the management of colonic cancer, familial polyposis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and in several rarer conditions. In the treatment of ulcerative colitis controversy has centered on the risk of malignant change in the retained rectum and on the long term quality of function. E. S. R. Hughes has been a proponent of this procedure and is one of those able to report a major series with long term follow‐up of function and cancer development in ulcerative colitis. Of 364 colitics treated by resection, 43% were selected for this operation. This group showed a success rate of 72% and after 15 years 57% remained functional. The probability of malignant change has reached 14% at 27 years with 8% of the series developing rectal carcinoma. The probability of this development following a diagnosis of moderate or severe mucosal dysplasia reached 42% at 13 years from histological assessment. Ileorectal anastomosis has a high degree of acceptability in appropriately selected ulcerative colitics; its continuing use is dependent on surveillance of sufficient quality to predict cancerous change or to detect it earlier enough to effect cure by proctectom

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method of analysis of bilirubin clearance is suggested, which allows the claculation of a decay constant (k) and half‐life (t0·5). These parameters allow ready comparison of the bilirubin clearance between patient groups. The value ofkcould be predicted with reasonable accuracy by a regression equation employing as determinants a score for cholangitis, pre‐operative serum ALT and bilirubin, and the patient's sex. Bilirubin clearance is kniwn to correlate strongly with antipyrine clearance, and antipyrine clearance with prognosis after biliary drainage. A similar prognostic index may be derived from simple clinical and biochemical parameters which will predict the decay constant and half‐life of endogenous bil

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A randomized prospective trial was conducted to compare Tamoxifen and combination chemotherapy (5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) as adjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced (Stage III) breast cancer. At the end of 5 years, no significant difference could be found in the disease‐free period for both gro

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8682    

DOI:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY