ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of a linseed extract Salinum® and a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose preparation called MAS‐84 was compared with regard to its effect on the symptoms of dry mouth. Twenty patients with xerostomia, who had been treated for cancer in the head and neck by radiation were recruited from the clinic for maxillofacial surgery, Malmö University Hospital. Following radiation treatment the salivation was severely reduced. The symptoms of a general feeling of a dry mouth, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, taste disturbances, problems with speech and mouth burning were registered on a subjective verbal rating scale. In addition plaque index and gingival bleeding index were determined. The study design was crossover and performed single blind. The experimental period was 7 weeks. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, One group used Salinum® and the other MAS‐84 for 3 weeks. The fourth week was a wash out period and for the next three weeks the patients shifted preparation. Each of the preparations was used ad libitium. Registrations of the various parameters were undertaken on days 0, 7 and 21 of the respective period. At the initial examination all patients reported considerable disturbances from mouth‐dryness. These symptoms were reduced in 15 patients during the Salinum® period and in 9 during the MAS‐84 period. The relief was significantly more pronounced during the use of Salinum® compared to that during the use of the methyl cellulose preparation. On day 21 plaque and gingival bleeding were significantly reduced during the Salinum® period but not during the MAS‐84 period. The results of the present study confirm those of a previous pilot study and indicate that the linseed mucilage significantly reduced the symptoms of dry mouth. This effect increased with increasing time of saliva substitute use. The linseed mucilage Salinum® appeared to be a suitable saliva replacement in mo

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although xerostomia in older adults has received substantial research attention, there have been few longitudinal studies of non‐patient populations. Consequently, little is known about the incidence or course of this condition among this group. This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study designed to address these issues. In 1989, data on xerostomia were collected from 907 randomly‐selected community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over. Three years later, 611 (71% of those presumed to be alive) were followed‐up and data on xerostomia collected again. At baseline, 15.5% of these 611 subjects reported xerostomia, while at follow‐up this had risen to 29.5%. The majority of the latter (115/180) were incident cases, reporting xerostomia only at follow‐up, while the remainder were chronic cases, reporting xerostomia at both baseline and follow‐up. A crude estimate of the three‐year incidence rate was 22.5%. In a logistic regression analysis, three baseline variables were associated with incidence; older subjects, those with one or more chronic medical conditions and those reporting their general health as poor were more likely to develop xerostomia. In a similar analysis, age was the only variable associated with chronicity, with older subjects more likely to be chronic cases. The data also suggest that the onset of xerostomia was associated with an increase in other oral symptoms and problems with eating, communication and socia

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study involved 48 subjects of both sexes with ages ranging from 22 years to 90 years. Computerised tomography was used to scan the right and left parotid gland. Gland mean density was calculated in Hounsfield units and regression graphs drawn. A significant fall in gland density was noted with subject age but no differences were noted between male and female subjects. A significant correlation was observed between the mean density of right and left glands in the same individuals. It is postulated that the fall in gland density is related an increase in fibro‐fatty tissue within the gland. This study provides evidence that age related changes occur in the human parotid gland from youth to old age. This work supports the earlier findings of Scott's who studied the superficial lobe of the parotid gland histologically and found an increase in adipose tissue in this area of the gland with ag

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to investigate any variations in the jaw‐jerk reflex in edentulous subjects wearing complete dentures, compared to an age and sex‐matched dentate group. The reflex was elicited by chin taps in 22 older dentate subjects with mean age 61.3 years and in 22 denture wearers with mean age 63.1 years. Surface electromyographic recordings were obtained from the masseter muscle of the preferred chewing side during mandibular rest and at moderate clenching (40% of the individual maximum clenching masseteric EMG activity). A jaw‐jerk reflex was recorded in all subjects at least once, and its occurrence during clenching was reduced compared to rest. The occurrence of the reflex was however increased in the denture wearers in both experimental conditions, while minor differences were observed in the values for latency, duration and amplitude between the two dental status groups. These results suggest that under the present experimental conditions the periodontal ligament receptors might inhibit reflex activity. Multiple sensory interactions are expected in denture wearing. However a particular source of sensory feedback is provided by the stimulation of mucosal receptors from the acrylic denture base. Since the occurrence of the jaw‐jerk at clench in the denture wearers was also reduced compared to the rest experiments, a potential inhibitory effect of the mucosal receptors can be speculated. According to the findings in the present study the loss of teeth and the rehabilitation with complete dentures do not severely disrupt the reflex activity inves

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A house to house random survey on elderly subjects was undertaken in the District of Klang in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) among the elderly in this area. The primary units in the sampling frame were the Enumeration Blocks (EBs) as defined under the population census. All households of the selected EBs were considered as sampling units and members aged 60 and above were considered as respondents. There was a slight preponderance of females, with the Malays comprising the majority of the subjects. Of the 486 respondents, mean aged 69.1 ± 7.3 yr, 111 had at least one oral mucosal lesion, a prevalence of 22.8%. A total of 145 lesions were detected. The prevalence of OML was highest among Indians and least among the Chinese. The most common finding was tongue lesions, recording a prevalence of 10.7%, followed by oral pigmentation (4.9%) and white lesions (4.3%). Denture related lesions were comparatively low at 2.5%. Two cases of oral cancer if representative would give a relatively high prevalence of 0.4%

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of 170 responsive residents of seniors housing centres in Winnipeg, Canada, were studied, (>65 years, mean 82 years), with the objectives of relating their dental state lo their perception of need and uptake of service. Only 6% rated their oral health as poor, 46% reported a dental visit within the previous year and 68% felt they needed dental treatment. A lack of perceived need (88%) was the primary reasons why dental care was not sought more frequently. Hygiene practices revealed that only 7% brushed<1 time/day, 60% never flossed, 14% cleaned their dentures<1 time/day, and 42% slept with their dentures. Dental histories showed that examination (94%), prosthodontic treatment (76%), and restorative services (65%) were the most commonly sought treatments. Perceived dental needs included prosthodontic treatment (39%), periodontal/ prophylactic treatment (10%), restorative treatment (9%) and pain relief (9%). Study subjects had 2.8 decayed teeth, a DMST of 25.1, and a Root Caries Index of 38%. CPITN scores of 3 or 4 in at least one sextant were found in 80% of subjects. Of the 41 % edentulous, all wore complete dentures but 15% of complete upper dentures and 51% of complete lower dentures fitted poorly. Of the partial dentures, 20% fitted poorly. Soft tissue anomalies were seen in 67% of subjects and 47% had TMJ anomalies. Overall. 77% of edentulous subjects and all dentate subjects required some dental treatment even though 46% had seen a dentist within the preceding year. It is concluded that appropriate management of such people needs further attention.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Indices used to evaluate plaque accumulation and coronal caries have been widely accepted in epidemiological studies, yet their reliability cannot be guaranteed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of clinical criteria used in coronal and root caries diagnosis and oral hygiene evaluation as applied in elders. Nineteen elderly subjects, 73 years old on average, were examined at a first appointment by two independent examiners. They were re‐examined two weeks later. Plaque accumulation was evaluated using the Plaque Index (PI) and coronal and root caries were detected according to the WHO criteria and Fejerskovet al(1991), respectively. Recurrent caries was recorded as recommended by WHO and by probing at the interface tooth‐restoration. Inter‐ and intra‐examiner agreement was evaluated using kappa statistics. The PI score showed good reliability except for examiner b, for whom a simplification of the 4‐point scale in 3‐point scale improved significantly the reliability. The prevalence of coronal caries was very low and intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreement was poor. Most of the root caries lesions were covered by plaque and the kappa values indicated only poor agreement. Recurrent caries were found with good agreement using WHO criteria but the detection with the probe was not reliable. In conclusion, it seems that examiners should be trained carefully to maximise their reliability and that plaque should be removed to obtain reliable diagnoses of caries. Retraining and calibration may be necessary for surveys continuing ove

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY