ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over a dozen studies have been conducted on the prevalence of and factors associated with root caries, yet our knowledge of this disease process remains limited. This is due, in large part, to a lack of consistency of reporting among the studies undertaken and the wide spectrum of population groups investigated. Nevertheless, the occurrence of root caries is between 20 and 40 percent in healthy, urban adults. Certain population groups such as the institutionalized elderly and patients with periodontal disease tend to exhibit much larger prevalence rates. New root caries develops slowly and tends to be concentrated in a few individuals, usually on the buccal and proximal surfaces of teeth. It is generally accepted that only roots with gingival recession are susceptible to root caries and that age, sex, oral hygiene, diet, saliva, systemic fluoride and previous carious experience have been shown to be associated factors. The next wave of investigations of root canes should focus on testing hypotheses relating to causation so that efficacious preventive and treatment procedures can be developed.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Available knowledge relating to the microbiology of root surface caries was reviewed. This included direct information from microbiological observations on human and animal material as well as subsidiary information derived from pertinent dietary studies and histological examination of cemental lesions. Early investigations on root surface caries in experimental animals have provided valuable insight into some of the dietobacterial interactions involved. However, these ideas have not been completely validated at the human level. It was concluded that interactions between oral bacteria and other factors involved in the development of root surface dental caries may be broader in scope and more difficult to interpret than the bacterial activities which result in coronal caries.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper discusses a variety of considerations associated with the clinical identification of root caries. While focusing upon this clinical identification process from the perspective of the clinical researcher, the differing diagnostic needs between the clinical researcher and the dental practitioner are frequently addressed. The topic of the identification of untreated root caries lesions includes a presentation of both existing definitions and a proposed set of diagnostic criteria. The presentation of the topic on the identification of arrested and treated root caries lesions emphasizes the diagnostic challenge that will occur due to the newly introduced chemotherapeutic treatments that have been proposed for the control of root caries. The influence of varying examination conditions, techniques and instruments on the reliability and validity of the clinical identification of root caries are also considered. Finally, a preliminary set of clinical research diagnostic conventions, which would both aid the researcher in “grey zone decisions” and enhance comparability of findings across studies, are propo

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although enamel, cementum and dentin all develop carious lesions in roughly the same manner there are significant differences between enamel and the other two tissues. While early enamel lesions are white, root surface lesions in cementum or dentin are light brown or yellow. The color probably arises from extrinsic stain materials, and it is possible that very early, actively forming lesions are colorless. Cementum and dentin often acquire a hypermineralized surface when first exposed to the oral environment. When caries begins to form, this layer can enlarge or disappear. Therefore, it is possible to have lesions with hypermineralized surface layers, hypomineralized surface layers, or no surface layer. Hypermineralization can also occur deeply within a lesion, probably as a result of remineralization. When this occurs the lumen of the tubules fill with mineral and the crystals within the lesion body become larger. Fluoride is readily taken up by carious root tissues and contributes to remineralization. Remineralization of artificial root surfaces after treatment with monofluorophosphate has been shown. In these lesions much of the newly acquired mineral was found near the surface but some was also found in the lesion body.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary prevention of root caries should focus on preventing periodontitis and the concomitant loss of gingival attachment. This requires a regimen of plaque control consisting of scrupulous oral hygiene, supplemented, if necessary, by antimicrobial agents. Once gingival recession has occurred, available data from human and animal studies indicate that to prevent root caries, patients should limit their dietary sucrose intake both in amount and frequency. The cornerstone of any preventive regimen for patients at high risk for caries is some mode of topical fluoride therapy. No controlled clinical data exist that show one agent (sodium fluoride versus stannous fluoride) or one vehicle (gel versus rinse) as more effective than another. When used daily at home, these topical fluoride agents reduce caries in patients with xerostomia. Some reports claiming efficacy are anecdotal, but ethical considerations preclude the use of an untreated control group. As no studies exist documenting an effect of topical fluoride in controlling root cariesper se, current recommendations are based on extrapolation from studies of these xerostomic patients. Limited studies, both in humans and animals, indicate that drinking fluoridated water helps in reducing root caries. Progression of early root caries lesions can be arrested by a combination of mechanical/chemical therapy, recontouring and smoothing the roots, and applying topical fluoride to these surfaces.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper summarizes and evaluates the indications and limitations of various dental materials and techniques for the treatment and restoration of root surface dental caries. Development of a severity index for classifying and sorting lesions is described. Historical materials such as silver amalgam and gold foil are briefly discussed as are contemporary materials such as composite resins and dentin bonding primers. Emphasis is placed on materials and techniques requiring minimal invasion or preparation of the root surface. Eradication of root lesions by recontouring and smoothing the root surface is discussed at length. A new dental material, glass ionomer cement, which contains fluoride and forms a physicochemical bond with enamel and dentin. and requires no preparation of the root surface other than lesion debridement, is described in detail. Guidelines for managing arrested lesions are offered. In addition, the importance of topical fluoride in the treatment and management of root caries is discussed. Lastly, some suggestions are offered for future directions of research in this area.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1986.tb00385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY