摘要:

This article reviews the relationship of dental treatment to infective endocarditis (IE). The current guidelines on the use of antibiotics in prophylaxis are also examined.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the edentulous lower jaw implant stabilised dentures have proved clinically so successful that the indication for this treatment is now being discussed more often with geriatric patients. The aim of this study of edentate subjects was to determine the age‐relation of the demand for denture improvement, the risks and feasibility of implant treatment. Sixty four complete denture wearers aged from 42 to 84 years took part in the study. A questionnaire was used to determine the subjective demand for denture improvement. For 33 subjects implants seemed possible. For these patients fear and scepticism concerning implant treatment were specified and quantified. Impaired general health was the most frequent absolute contra‐indication for implants; the local oral prerequisites tended to be slightly less favourable in elderly. Older patients were more satisfied with poorly fitting dentures and were less prepared to take trouble to achieve denture improvement. Although scepticism concerning implant treatment was not age‐related, patients who were keen for an improvement of their dentures were significantly younger and less sceptical about imp

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed to identify influences, attitudes and actions of nursing staff in relation to oral care for people with disabilities. Individual in‐depth interviews of twenty two nursing staff were conducted. Enabling and inhibiting factors in the reported attitudes, approaches and practices were identified. The main enabling factors were that nursing staff saw mouth care as part of their role and took an empathic and caring approach to its delivery. They aimed to make the residents socially acceptable, improve their self‐esteem and make their mouths clean and breath fresher. Inhibiting factors were: a lack of training, time constraints associated with workload, and poor understanding of the processes causing dental disease. The study concludes that improvements in oral care by nursing staff can be encouraged by working with nurses'attitudes, values and beliefs. Once the desired behaviour change has occurred then the lack of knowledge can be addres

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dental health is an aspect of the quality of life. Oral treatment goals for, the severely demented and the benefits of oral treatment are complex issues. Severely demented people can neither express their wishes nor make rational decisions about oral care. Acting “in the best interests” of a demented person who refuses or does not understand the purpose of treatment depends on what perspective and treatment priorities the advocate has. For oral treatment of a demented person the advocate may be a relative, a member of the ward staff or a hospital dentist. In a structured interview, the relatives of demented patients in a Stockholm hospital and members of the nursing staff were asked to rate the importance of goals for dental care. These ratings were also recorded for hospital dentists. In this study there was agreement on the importance of freedom from oral pain and fear of aspiration. Nursing personnel gave priority to aspects of good care such as being able to chew and enjoy eating. Relatives were also concerned with social behaviour and communication such as fresh breath, normal speech, and normal appearance. The ratings by the hospital dentists were generally lower which might reflect professional awareness of the limitations of treatment success implied by cognitive impairm

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of 35 90‐year old subjects, randomly selected from the gerontologic population study in Göteborg (H‐70), were examined with respect to function and dysfunction of the masticatory system. The methods included a questionnaire, clinical examination and recording of bite force endurance and maximal bite force, measured in the central incisor region. Forty percent were edentulous, 29% were partially edentulous and wore a removable denture, while the others were dentate without removable prostheses. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were mostly mild and infrequent, except TMJ crepitation which was recorded in 69% of the subjects. Maximal bite force was in general low (mean 94 N) but showed a great individual variation (range 10 to 410 N). Bite force endurance was also very variable (mean 72 s, range 10 to 205 s). None of the 35 subjects reported poor masticatory ability, but 2 said they could not chew all kinds of food. In spite of a reduced bite force this group of 90‐year olds considered their masticatory ability as good and most of them had no severe signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dis

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of age on the masseteric jaw‐jerk reflex was investigated in 22 young (11 males and 11 females with mean age 23.2 years) and 22 older dentate subjects (11 males and 11 females with mean age 61.3 years). Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained, after chin taps, from the relaxed masseter muscle of the preferred chewing side, by use of a computerised recording and analysis system. With increasing age the occurrence of the reflex was reduced, the latency was increased, while the amplitude was decreased. Those findings are probably related to the general age related changes in the muscular tissue, the sense organs, the peripheral nerves and especially the central nervous system, Increased biological variance was also observed in the older subjects, as in most aspects of performance in the latent years. Furthermore, the effects of ageing were generally similar in men and women. The age‐related decrement in the monosynaptic reflex response is indicative of a generalised decline in the motor performance of the stomatognathic system and the decreased ability of the older dental patient to easily adapt to any dramatic changes in the sensory in

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It iS believed that people's sensitivity to taste declines with age but the evidence is inconclusive. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that taste recognition thresholds (TRTs) for sweetness are higher in older than in younger individuals, using groups of 16 younger subjects (18–30) and 16 older subjects (60–85). Three test substances were used: sucrose, aspartame and saccharin. A questionnaire recorded variables which might have affected TRTs, but data failed to show any trend that might have biased the principle variate‐age. There was a significant alteration with age of recognition thresholds, at least for sucrose and saccharin. The differences between the groups for the three sweeteners were due to the fact that all the very sensitive subjects were young. None of the older subjects had particularly poor discrimination: all but one had TRTs within the range of younger subjects. Although there are age‐related taste changes, they are much less dramatic than commonly occurs with other senses, such as sight and hearing. The findings of this study have implications for institutional catering and the dietary management of older people using non‐sugar s

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of a new saliva substitute. Salinum®, was tested in 37 patients with severe symptoms of reduced salivation. The majority of the patients had suffered from hyposalivation and dry mouth for more than 8 years. The saliva substitute consisted of a water soluble extract of linseed. The physical properties of this extract are similar to those of the glycoproteins of the salivary secretions. The patients used the saliva substitute for a seven days period. Prior to the use of the extract the patients reported that the most severe symptoms of decreased salivation were a feeling of dryness in the mouth and burning sensations in the tongue, pharynx and oesophagus, The majority of the patients reported that the use of Salinum reduced the symptoms of hyposalivation. Great variation in effect occurred from patient to patient. Generally the patients with the most severe symptoms experienced the greatest relief of the symptoms when they used Salinum. Although of short duration the results of this pilot study indicate that an extract of linseeds may compensate for some aspects of the consequences of reduced salivation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the feasibility of the extract as saliva replacement

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To further explore economic relationships between patient age and dental practice productivity detected in previous studies, this study investigated the effects of variations in the mix of services used by different age groups on time and dollar‐based dental practice outputs. Production function models for dental services were estimated using data from 31 Minnesota general dental practices reporting increased visits by older adults between June, 1980 and December, 1984. Analysis suggested that standardised time‐based measures of productivity were not greatly affected by differences in the types of services used by different age groups. In contrast, differences in service mix between age groups exerted a substantial influence on dollar‐based productivity that was independent of patient age. Overall, dental practices were less productive with older patients, but the decline in monetary productivity was not evident until patient age was disaggregated from differences in service use by different age g

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The methodology and conclusions of this workshop arc reported here because the problems requiring solution are not unique to Israel. They will increasingly have wide geographical and political application. The population of Israel since its establishment in 1948 has increased about sixfold. The numbers of the elderly (65+) have increased about tenfold. The current situation must be examined and estimates obtained for the next ten years. Only thus can the system be enabled to cope with the problem as it develops. The chosen method was a carefully preplanned, multisectorial workshop. Recommendations were discussed, amended and finalised. The recommendations of the workshop included: Baseline national data is urgently required. Guidelines are required for selecting specific target populations to which priority should be given. The current favourable situation of adequate oral health manpower in Israel makes it possible to encourage providers of oral health care towards treatment for the elderly. It is essential that the appropriate health authorities allocate sufficient funds for the following urgent purposes: the conduct of a national survey of the elderly population; the establishment of oral health units on a trial basis in some selected hospitals; support institutions of higher education to facilitate training in geriatric dentistry.Conclusions.The workshop was multidisciplinary because it was necessary to include all the expertise and experience available as vital elements of the policy making process. This type of workshop was found to be an effective tool for planning oral health services.

ISSN:0734-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1994.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY