ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040253

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Task-based learning (TBL) is an educationally sound, effective and efficient strategy for delivering relevant education. In TBL, the tasks of the healthcare professional provide the context and the focus for learning—but are not the objective of the student's learning. Students gain a basic understanding of the principles of health and disease, and of how to apply these in a range of contexts. Within the specific context of healthcare, students develop generic competences, such as communication and management skills. TBL ensures that learning objectives are achieved, while taking advantage of the rich opportunities and experiences to which a student or doctor can be exposed in a real or simulated clinical setting.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040254

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There has been a tendency for people to think about competence in a narrow way that undermines any possible benefits to be gained from adopting competency standards. This paper will attempt to clarify exactly what competence is. It will be found that the logic of the concept of competence is itself such as to support a broader view about competency standards rather than the narrow one that is so often taken for granted. Second, the benefits of recognizing and employing a broader, richer conception of competence will be outlined and discussed.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040255

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Evaluation of students is useful to assess knowledge and comprehension while motivating learning and providing feedback. In medical schools the predominant assessment vehicle is the multiple-choice question (MCQ, exam. Such exams, while useful, largely test recall and have low face validity. In the Department of Pharmacology at McGill University we have developed a multidimensional evaluation system which includes MCQs, short essay questions, small-group performance assessments, an essay project and oral exams. We consider that our system stresses the knowledge and skills required to be a successful physician while motivating students and rewarding excellence. Students are enthusiastic about the program while faculty are satisfied with the breadth and completeness of our evaluation system.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040256

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs), the predominant evaluation vehicle in North America, are a reliable and valid measure of knowledge but have many detractors. We use MCQs widely in evaluating undergraduate students in a junior Internal Medicine clerkship but find it difficult to maintain a suitable secure bank of questions. We therefore involved our students in generation of new questions. After one year of this practice we compared the accumulated student-generated questions with those from our faculty. The average facility index and the validity of student-generated questions were comparable to those of the faculty-generated questions. The students' questions were less frequently based on a clinical case scenario than were the faculty-generated questions. We conclude that undergraduate students are an excellent source of MCQs for use in evaluation and that students benefit from involvement in the evaluation process.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040257

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings about the importance of different diagnostic tests, underreporting of key symptoms and side-effects and poor adherence to treatment regimens or willingness to accept advice. Such situations are disturbing for patients and their families and professionally and personally unrewarding for doctors (Fallow-field, 1992). The reasons for communication failures are complex and include characteristics of both patients and doctors, and the system of health care delivery. However, one of the primary reasons for the sorry state of affairs is the inadequate training given to most doctors in effective communication skills. This paper looks at some of the difficulties experienced by patients and their doctors and considers how to help correct the communication deficiencies.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040258

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An external evaluation [1] of the fourth-year medical student attachment in general practice at the University of Dundee was conducted to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching programmed. Written evaluations of the attachment were obtained from 75 medical students. In addition, interviews were conducted with students and their tutors and a focus group was arranged at the conclusion of the attachment. The overall evaluation by the students was positive. Students liked the opportunity for the hands-on practice of medicine and the collegial reception from their tutors. Major criticisms related to the lack of adequate opportunities for some students to see patients on their own and to learn practical procedures. Many students would like to have a longer attachment. Problem areas which may provide valuable learning experiences, such as dealing with‘difficult patients’need to be addressed in advance and during the attachment. Other health professionals need to be adequately prepared for, and involved in, student teaching. The combination of independent practice experience in a friendly learning environment and guided reflection on practice are to be encouraged to ensure the further success of this teaching programme.O wad some pow'r the giftie gie us To see oursels as others see us!(Robert Bums,‘To a Louse’, 1786)

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040259

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a five-day communication skills training course held during the second year of a six-year medical program. The 26 students (10 male, 16 female) who completed the 1994 course were videotaped interviewing matched simulated patients before and after training. Communication experts blindly rated the film segments in terms of global performance and six specified component interview skills using a 10-point scale (0‘skill not used’, 1‘poor’, 5‘pass’[skill acceptable for a graduate doctor], 9‘excellent’). All facets were significantly improved after training (t,p<0.05). Judges were more often concordant (rs,p<0.05) when rating pre-training pegormances. Ability to establish rapport was the best predictor of skill in other components. Neither pre-training pegormance, English grade nor overall academic performance for the year was predictive of post-training performance.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040260

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Student preference and motivation for learning a second-year basic physiology unit using two teaching approaches was investigated. A total of 145 chiropractic/ osteopathy (n= 66) and physical education/human movement students (n= 79) were taught in the first semester using a traditional lecture/infiequent testing system and in the second semester using a self-study/fiequent testing system. At the completion of the year students were asked to complete a questionnaire which assessed their preference for the teaching methods used, the reasons for their preference and their level of motivation for learning with respect to the methods used. Analysis showed that 80% of the students preferred the self-study/frequent testing method, and the main reasons given were that it gave them more control and independence in the learning process and that the frequent testing provided them with feedback and extrinsic motivation to study regularly.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040261

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study has identified some shortfalls in academic knowledge and intended treatment practice among UK final-year dental students with regard to blood-borne viruses. The problem areas identifed included knowledge of the different serological markers, humoral response and transmission routes and vectors of HBV; lesions and infections associated with HIE and the most appropriate cross-infection policy to use. This paper makes recommendations for the teaching of dental undergraduate students to address the deficiencies which the study exposed.

ISSN:0142-159X    

DOI:10.3109/01421599609040262

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor