摘要:

Intraoperative cefazolin concentrations were measured in serum, joint capsule, cancellous bone of the acetabulum, and proximal cancellous bone of the femur in 15 dogs undergoing total hip replacement. Cefazolin (22 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) was administered every hour for three doses. The mean peak serum concentrations (±SEM) were 387.79 ± 27.56 μg/mL, 521.71 ± 28.00 μg/mL, and 542.20 ± 30.91 μg/mL, respectively. Mean serum concentrations just before administration of doses 2 and 3 were 51.77 ± 2.39 μg/mL, and 64.84 ± 3.46 μg/mL, respectively. The mean cefazolin concentrations in the joint capsule, cancellous bone of the acetabulum, and cancellous bone of the femur were 34.71 ± 2.50 μg/g, 28.70 ± 7.40 μg/g, and 36.20 ± 3.80 μg/g, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cefazolin for 90% of the common contaminants (MIC90) in this clinic is ≤ 2 μg/mL or per gram of tissue. Serum concentrations never fell below 15 times the MIC90(lowest trough, 35.93 μg/mL), and the lowest tissue concentration (6.57 μg/mL in cancellous bone from the acetabulum) was still more than 3 times the MIC90. The mean tissue concentration w

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Unilateral medial patellar luxation was diagnosed in 10, and bilateral medial patellar luxation in six, large and giant‐breed dogs (22 stifles). Lameness occurred in five dogs after trauma or surgery, and 11 dogs had no known predisposing history. The mean age at presentation was 25 months, and the mean time from initial onset of clinical signs to diagnosis was 13 weeks. All traumatic or iatrogenic luxations (five dogs) were unilateral. Luxations presumed to be congenital were unilateral in five dogs and bilateral in six. The grades of medial patellar luxation were I (1 stifle), II (11 stifles), III (9 stifles), and IV (1 stifle). Preoperative function was good (1 dog), fair (9 dogs), and poor (6 dogs). Surgical correction was performed in dogs with grades II, III, and IV luxations (21 stifles). Complications included one wound dehiscence and trochlear wedge migration, one pin loosening, and one persistent lameness caused by lymphoplasmacytic synovitis. Long‐term follow‐up was available in 13 dogs (18 stifles). Function was judged by owners to be excellent in seven dogs, good in five dogs, and poor in one dog. Surgical treatment of grades II and III luxations yielded good (8 stifles) and excellent (9 stifles) results, while one grade IV luxation had a poor long‐term

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gastric myoelectric activity was measured after experimental gastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV), GDV and tube gastrostomy, or tube gastrostomy in 12 dogs. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 1 hour before (hour 0) and at hours 5, 24, 48, 72, and 96 after surgically induced GDV in six dogs. Three dogs with induced GDV and tube gastrostomy, and three dogs with tube gastrostomy only were also studied at hours 120, 144, and 168. The only significant change in the slow wave appearance or frequency from hours 0 to 48 was bradygastria at hour 5 in all three groups. A relative increase in the mean percentages of dysrhythmia from hours 72 to 168 in the dogs with a tube gastrostomy was caused by increases in tachygastria and arrhythmias. Dogs with GDV and tube gastrostomy had the greatest mean percentages of dysrhythmia, which were significantly more than those in dogs with GDV alone at hours 48, 72 and 96. The mean percentage of spike activity was ≤ 31 and varied widely. In general, there was less spike activity when the frequency of dysrhythmias was high. Thus, gastric myoelectric activity was disrupted from hours 48 to 168 after GDV with tube gastrostomy and after tube gastrostomy alone. Surgically induced GDV alone did not produce any significant or sustained dysrhythm

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The records of nine dogs with intestinal volvulus were reviewed. Most were young adult (median 2.6 years) males (6/9) of medium to large breeds. Vigorous activity, dietary indiscretion, or trauma preceded volvulus. Signs included a peracute to acute onset of vomiting, hematochezia, a moderately distended and often painful abdomen, and shock. Normal packed cell volume, altered white blood cell count, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, pathologic bowel dilatation, and serosanguineous abdominal fluid were common clinical findings. Jejunum was most often affected. One dog survived with surgical management.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Under isoflurane anesthesia, 50% of the calculated blood volume was removed from 11 dogs. After 30 minutes, five dogs were treated with hypertonic saline and dextran (HSD) (5 mL/kg) followed by isotonic saline solution (2 mL/kg) intraosseously. Six dogs (controls) received isotonic saline (7 mL/kg) intraosseously. All treatments were administered through the medullary cavity of the tibia over a 30‐minute period. Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, packed cell volume, total protein, and blood gases were monitored for 4 hours. Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and circulating volume (indicated by packed cell volume and total protein) were significantly improved after administration of HSD. We conclude that intraosseous infusion of HSD is efficacious in treating hemorrhagic shock and believe the technique may prove to be useful in clinical situations when intravenous lines cannot be established rapidl

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The urinary bladder of 10 clinically normal dogs was excised and the ureters were implanted into an isolated, vagotomized gastric segment derived from the fundic region of the stomach. The gastric segment was closed to form a conduit. Continence was maintained with a modified Kock “nipple valve” created from an isolated segment of ileum. Four dogs were euthanatized by day 30 because of complications related to the early onset of renal failure and electrolyte alterations. Six dogs were euthanatized on day 150. Ureteral dilatation, hydronephrosis, and decreased endogenous creatinine clearance rates were measured in all dogs at the end of the survival period. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed histologically in seven dogs. Positive renal cultures were obtained from seven dogs at necropsy. It was concluded that gastric conduit urinary diversion is unsatisfactory for long‐term or short‐term clinical use

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gastric conduit urinary diversion was performed in 10 dogs after complete cystectomy. Four dogs were euthanatized on day 30 because of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and renal failure. Hematologic and biochemical changes in six dogs evaluated for 120 days were compatible with hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. The continuous loss of hydrochloric acid from the gastric conduit resulted in significant increases in arterial blood pH, PaCO2, anion gap, TCO2, and the concentration of Hco3‐. There were significant decreases in PaO2and the serum concentrations of chloride and potassium. Deterioration of renal function resulted in all dogs. It was concluded that hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis makes gastric conduit urinary diversion unsatisfactory for clinical use in dog

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Healing of transected superficial digital flexor tendons was evaluated mechanically and histologically in eight horses. Tendons sutured with polyglyconate had higher loads at failure than nonsutured tendons at weeks 5 and 9. The tendon stress at failure (force per unit area) was higher in the sutured tendons at week 5 but not at week 9, reflecting the increased size of the scar at week 9. Histologically, scars after tenorrhaphy were consistently more mature than nonsutured tenotomy scars. The mean maturity score for sutured tendons was higher than for nonsutured tendons at weeks 5 and 9. Overall, these data support tenorrhaphy with absorbable suture.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hand sutured end‐to‐end (EE) and stapled side‐to‐side (SS) small intestinal anastomoses were performed in 10 healthy adult horses. In five SS anastomoses, staple lines on the blind ends of the jejunum were inverted (SSI) and in five they were not (SSNI). Five EE anastomoses were sutured with polydioxanone and five were sutured with polyglyconate. All horses were euthanatized on day 30. Intra‐abdominal adhesions were graded (0–4), and stomal areas were calculated from contrast radiographs made with the bowel distended. Histopathology scores for the anastomoses were based on the degree of inflammation (0–3), fibrosis (0–3), and alignment and healing of intestinal layers (0–3). Mean surgery times ± standard deviations for EE, SSI, and SSNI techniques were 33.9 ± 5.4, 36.2 ± 5.6, and 29.6 ± 5.9 minutes, respectively. Mean and median stomal areas were 9.4 ± 5.5 and 8.9 cm2for EE anastomoses and 17.2 ± 16.5 and 12.1 cm2for SS anastomoses. Intra‐abdominal adhesions developed in three horses, one of which had clinical signs of colic. Mean histopathology scores for EE and SS anastomoses were 4.8 ± 2.0 (median = 5) and 4.4 ± 1.8 (median = 4), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in surgery times, intra‐abdominal adhesion scores, stomal areas, or histopathology scores between small intestinal EE and S

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Medical records of 68 horses with urolithiasis were examined. Calculi were in the bladder in 47 horses, urethra in 11 horses, kidneys in 15 horses, and ureter in two horses. They occurred at several sites in six horses. Common clinical signs included hematuria, altered micturition (pollakiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence), and tenesmus. Weight loss, possibly attributable to chronic renal failure and colic, was associated more commonly with renal and ureteral calculi. Weight loss also occurred in 13% of horses with cystic calculi only. In male horses, most cystic calculi were removed by perineal (ischial) urethrotomy under epidural anesthesia. Although there were few surgical complications with urethrotomy, seven of 15 horses with follow‐up suffered recurrent urolithiasi

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY