摘要:

Although radiation and surgery have been combined for the treatment of cancer in humans and animals since the 1920s, little has been written about the methods of combining radiation and surgery and the efficacy of this combination for the treatment of animal tumors. This article reviews the rationale for combining radiation and surgery for the treatment of cancer and the ways in which these two modalities can be combined with emphasis placed on the advantages and disadvantages of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy. The role of preoperative and postoperative irradiation for the treatment of various animal tumors is discussed. Directions for future clinical trials are pointed out. Finally, the importance of surgeons and radiation oncologists communicating with each other and participating in cooperative treatment methods is stressed.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixteen dogs with malignant neoplasms were treated with intraoperative radiation therapy after surgical debulking. Fractionated external beam radiation therapy was given postoperatively to 11 dogs. Healing of surgical incisions was uncomplicated in 14 dogs. When the ureters or urinary bladder were included in the irradiation field, they became stenotic and fibrotic. Urinary incontinence and secondary renal injury were common. Local tumor control was poor regardless of site or tumor type.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐five dogs bearing acanthomatous epulides of the oral cavity underwent tumor resection by wide local excision. The surgical procedures included rostral mandibulectomy, removal of the mandibular body, premaxillectomy, and partial maxillectomy. Postoperative complications were rare, and local recurrence was not encountered in any dogs over periods of 1 to 6 1/2 years (median, 22 months). The authors conclude from the high incidence of local recurrence after simple excision through the tumor margins and the potential for malignant transformation after irradiation that wide surgical resection is the technique of choice for the management of acanthomatous epuli

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Skin expansion was used in three horses, one heifer, and one dog to aid in the repair of cosmetic defects. Skin expansion was produced by inserting an expandable silicone device sub‐cutaneously and gradually inflating the device with saline. Skin expansion allowed skin to be mobilized and sutured over cosmetic defects without excessive tension. A successful outcome was achieved in four of the five cases reported here. In one animal, two attempts to create a pocket for a silicone prosthesis failed because the expanders ruptured. Complications included implant failure, wound dehiscence, and exposure of an expander. Skin expansion can be used to enable closure of skin defects in areas where skin tension usually precludes repair by local transpositio

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐six dogs with gastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV) were stabilized medically, followed by tube gastrostomy and gastropexy. In 13 dogs, a Heineke‐Mikulicz pyloroplasty was also performed. Complications and recurrences were monitored during the immediate postoperative period and for 5 to 31 months thereafter. Barium gastrograms and contrast radiographs of the stomach were evaluated at week 1 and months 5 to 31. Significantly fewer dogs without pyloroplasty had complications during the immediate postoperative period. There were no differences in the long‐term complication rates. Radiographic evaluations of the width of the pylorus, the size of the stomach, and the rate of gastric emptying showed no differences between dogs with and without pyloroplasty at any evaluation period. The Heineke‐Mikulicz pyloroplasty increased the immediate postoperative complication rate after surgical fixation of the stomach for the treatment of GDV. It did not appear to influence the long‐term outcome of the surgical treatment of this disease. The Heineke‐Mikulicz pyloroplasty is not recommended in the treatment of GDV unless pyloric outflow obstruction can be

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Postoperative ileus is characterized by decreased gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and motility. Metoclopramide was used to treat experimentally induced postoperative ileus in six dogs. Contractile activity was monitored by extraluminal strain gages on the pyloric antrum and proximal segment of the duodenum, and myoelectric activity was measured by recording bipolar electromyograms (EMGs) at the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, proximal segment of the duodenum, proximal and distal parts of the jejunum, and ileum. Measurements were obtained from animals without ileus (baseline) and those with ileus that were either untreated or treated with metoclopramide. Adynamic ileus was induced by rubbing a 50 cm segment of jejunum with a dry sponge for 5 minutes and exposing the bowel to the air for 30 minutes. Treated dogs received metoclopramide (0.4 mg/kg 4 times daily [QID] intravenously [IV]), whereas untreated dogs received a saline placebo, starting 1 hour after celiotomy closure. Recordings were made for 26 hours after induction of ileus. The phases of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) were identified and motility index values were determined. During ileus, the MMC phase II duration was increased at the duodenum and phase III duration was decreased at the antrum, pylorus, duodenum, and proximal segment of the jejunum (p<0.05). Motility index values were decreased at the antrum and duodenum during ileus (p<0.05). Treatment with metoclopramide reversed the MMC phase III inhibition at the antrum and pylorus, and partially reversed the inhibition at the duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05). Motility index values were restored to preoperative baseline values with metoclopramide treatment (p<0.05). Metoclopramide treatment may be beneficial in the treatment of canine postoperative ileus by increasing myoelectric and contractile activity of the proximal gastrointestinal tract.

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two female Standardbred foals 2 and 3 months of age were presented with signs of gastroduodenal obstruction that was confirmed with contrast radiography and exploratory surgery. Ventral midline celiotomy was performed, showing stenosis of the duodenum proximal and distal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla. The common hepatic duct, the pancreatic duct, and the sigmoid section of the duodenum proximal to the stenosis were greatly dilated. To bypass the intestinal obstruction, a side‐to‐side duodenojejunostomy was performed. Obstruction of the common hepatic duct was relieved by side‐to‐side hepaticojejunostomy. In addition, jejunojejunostomy was performed distal to the other anastomoses. Both foals recovered. On admission, the foals' total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma glutamyl transferase levels were greatly elevated. During the subsequent 6 to 8 months, they returned to normal. Six months after the first surgery, one foal was readmitted with an acute abdominal crisis. At surgery, there was greater than 360° clockwise rotation of the mesenteric root involving most of the jejunum. At necropsy, the previously created stomas were patent. The liver and bile duct were grossly and histologically normal. The second foal continues to progress normally 12 months after

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Balloon‐tipped catheters were used to occlude the external carotid artery and its branches in nine horses with hemorrhage caused by guttural pouch mycosis. The internal carotid artery on the affected side was occluded simultaneously in four horses and had been occluded previously in two others. In three horses, a single balloon‐tipped catheter was inserted in the external carotid artery beneath the floor of the guttural pouch and its tip was advanced blindly into distal branches. In one horse, the superficial temporal artery was occluded briefly during surgery by a balloon‐tipped catheter so a catheter inserted into the external carotid artery could be diverted into the maxillary artery. In the other five horses, the external carotid artery was occluded proximally and the maxillary artery was occluded immediately caudal to the alar canal by a balloon‐tipped catheter inserted into the major palatine artery. Serious postoperative hemorrhage did not occur in eight horses, but one horse that had a single balloon‐tipped catheter inserted into the external carotid artery had profuse hemorrhage 11 days after surgery and was euthanatized. One horse was euthanatized because of persistent dysphagia. The only complication related to use of balloon catheters was a mild incisional infection in one horse. It was concluded that the external carotid and maxillary arteries must be occluded on both sides of the eroded segment to prevent hemorrhage from normograde and retrog

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective study of 40 horses that underwent surgical treatment for sand colic was performed. Three horses were euthanatized and one died during surgery. Of the 36 horses that recovered from anesthesia, five died before discharge from the hospital and seven died after discharge. Twenty‐four horses survived at least 12 months. Sand impaction of the right dorsal colon was present in 26 horses. In addition to sand impaction, 10 horses also had colonic displacement or volvulu

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirteen cases of partial limb amputation in horses were reviewed. Nine horses (69%) survived 18 to 111 months (mean, 41 months). Four unsuccessfully treated horses were euthanatized within 21 days of surgery. The horses' ages at amputation were 4 to 13 years (mean, 7.3 years). There was no predilection for the left or right limb nor for fore or hind limb involvement. Osteomyelitis in six horses (46%) was the most common cause for amputation. Severe, open, comminuted fractures of the third metacarpal bone that were impossible to stabilize by any currently available technique in four horses (31%) were the second most common cause for amputation. One gelding was salvaged because of his sentimental value, two horses were used as breeding stallions, and six were broodmares. One stallion lived 30 months, completed two breeding seasons, and started a third. The other stallion began breeding, but became sterile. Three of the mares have produced five foals. One mare died while in foal. One mare aborted near‐term twin fetuses and died of uterine hemorrhage. One mare aborted twice before the femoral head ligament on the contralateral limb ruptured, and she was euthanatize

ISSN:0161-3499    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY