ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90242-X

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA review of the history of fetal heart rate monitoring is followed by detailed analysis of eight randomized, controlled trials and of a recent prospective study of electronic fetal monitoring compared with intermittent auscultation. No significant differences between the methods were reported in perinatal mortality rates, neonatal infection rates, and Apgar scores. Mixed results were reported for length of labor, maternal analgesic use during labor, maternal genital tract infection rates, umbilical cord pH values, and admissions to neonatal intensive care units. Auscultation was associated in two trials with a significantly increased rate of neonatal seizures. Electronic fetal monitoring was correlated with a significantly increased cesarean delivery rate in the first four trials, and with a significantly increased rate of operative delivery (forceps plus cesarean delivery) in three later trials. A decision tree is presented to assist the clinician in selecting the appropriate fetal monitoring method for a given client.

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90243-1

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread availability of contraceptives, women continue to become pregnant due to risk‐taking behavior. The decision to take a risk can be related to lack of knowledge or misperception of either fertility phase or ability to become pregnant, resulting in misuse of contraceptives. The comprehensive client management of the certified nurse‐midwife provides an opportunity for identification of women at risk, correction of misinformation, and provision of facts on fertility cycles. The fertility history card is a useful tool for identifying women at‐risk for contraceptive misuse, educating them about fertile signs, and promoting responsibility and self‐care. Thus, women will be more informed and capable of making decisions regarding contraceptive use, minimizing future risk‐taking, improving contraceptive use, and ultimately preventing unintended pr

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90244-3

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe minor discomforts of pregnancy present difficulties for the health care provider as well as for the pregnant woman herself. Management of the various symptoms requires astute observations and the ability to individualize therapy. Knowledge of a variety of treatment options, therefore, allows practitioners to collaborate with their patients in selecting the best therapeutic approach for the specific situation.This three part series reviews the common discomforts associated with upper respiratory infections, minor pain, and gastrointestinal problems as they are manifested during pregnancy. Both nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical therapies are discussed. Frequent references are made to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Risk Factors which categorize both over‐the‐counter and prescribed drugs according to their documented safety for ingestion during pregnancy.Part I, “Managing Upper Respiratory Infections in Pregnancy”, appeared in JNM 32:6, Part II, “Managing Minor Pain in Pregnancy”, appears in this issue; and Part III, “Managing Gastrointestinal Problems in Pregnancy”, will app

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90245-5

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe benefits of breastfeeding for the infant are well known. Much less is known, however, about how the woman's choice of feeding method is related to her maternal role adjustment during the initial weeks postpartum. Mother‐infant mutuality and maternal anxiety scores of 60 first time mothers were examined using analysis of variance techniques. Method of infant feeding (breast, bottle, or combination) was found to be responsible for a significant amount of the variance in both scores. At one month postpartum, women who breastfed their infants had scores indicating less anxiety and more mutuality than the women bottle feeding their infants. An interpretation of the results using role theory concepts provides a possible explanation of the relationships found. Differences in the character of interactions involved with breast and bottle feeding may influence other aspects of maternal role transition

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90246-7

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90247-9

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOur nursing discipline is confronted by many changes in the health care delivery system. It is proposed that we should unite, identify common goals for the profession, and support changes in our educational programs and professional socialization processes to achieve our goals. Nurse‐midwives are recognized for their leadership in advanced clinical practice. They are encouraged, therefore, to provide leadership in further development of nursing science and professional practice. A three‐by‐three matrix, consisting of three process and three content dimensions is proposed. The process dimensions include (a) collaboration with colleagues in nursing; (b) preparation of more nurse researchers; and (c) collaboration with those from other disciplines. Content dimensions that are explored include (a) basic research on the experience of health throughout life; (b) applied research focused on evaluation of clinical interventions; and (c) health policy research and analysis. It is advocated that we build programs of research in each of these areas. Examples of relevant research are presented and disc

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90248-0

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90249-2

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90250-9

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(88)90254-6

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY