ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90323-9

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis pilot study focuses on the bearing‐down phenomenon of the second stage of labor, within the theoretical framework of Levine's conservation principles for nursing practice. The purpose of this study is to contrast the effects of two learned approaches to parturient participation during the second stage of labor. A control group (n= 5) was taught the traditional approach to second stage bearing‐down efforts: sustained breath‐holding. An experimental group (n= 5) was taught to bear‐down only with the involuntary urge. No differences were found in the mean duration of the second stage, phases within second stage, Apgar scores, or maternal report of effort. Perineal integrity was preserved in the experimental group. These findings suggest that involuntary bearing‐down efforts are accompanied by adequate labor progress and result in less perineal trauma. Further examination of the common practice of encouraging women to bear down strenuously during the second stage, instead of responding to their involuntary urge, is re

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90324-0

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA retrospective chart review was done to identify differences between nurse‐midwifery (CNM) and medical intrapartum management. Eighty‐five subjects were admitted to the hospital in labor at term with no history of medical or obstetrical complications. The clinic call schedule provided nonpurposeful assignment of such patients to either CNM or medical management. Age, gravidity, parity, and admission, and admission hematocrit values were similar in both groups. Major differences in management were less routine use of electronic monitoring and intravenous fluids and smaller doses of pain medication in the CNM group. The incidence of amniotomy and pitocin augmentation of labor was similar in the two groups, although amniotomies were performed later in labor by the CNMs. CNM management included a higher frequency of spontaneous vaginal delivery performed under local or no anesthesia, and a lower incidence of instrument‐assisted vaginal delivery, epidural anesthesia, episiotomy, and lacerations. Except for a shorter mean second stage in the CNM group, length of labor and length of hospitalization during labor were similar in two groups, as were infant Apgar scores. Implications for parturients, cost‐effectiveness, and health care planning are di

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90325-2

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper provides information regarding Arizona's 27 licensed lay midwives. The midwives' backgrounds vary widely, from countercultural high school dropouts with no medical training to extremely conservative women with graduate degrees in nursing. Two served as midwife‐in‐charge at more than 100 births during 1981, while most were the primary caregivers for less than 50 women each.While 20 have seriously considered becoming nurse‐midwives, only five intend to do so. Competition makes acceptance into a nurse‐midwifery program unlikely, and geographic distance would make attendance difficult or impossible. In addition, the midwives are committed to natural home birth as a normal process. Hence, some do not desire training in nursing, medically interventive techniques, or hospital birthing procedures. Finally, the midwives fear their current independence from medical hierarchies would decrease if they became nurse

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90326-4

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis retrospective study examines whether parturient preference to deliver without a routine episiotomy is viable. One hundred sixty‐two women who delivered in an alternative birth center with the aid of nurse‐midwives were studied. The incidence of episiotomies was 38%; 33% of the population delivered over intact perineums. First‐degree lacerations were experienced by 21% of the population and second‐degree lacerations by 8% of the women. Primiparous women with second stages lasting longer than 50 min who required anesthesia most often required an episiotomy. Neither the women who delivered without an episiotomy nor their infants appeared to suffer from the exp

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90327-6

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCombining traditional healing and contemporary medicine requires several steps. The western health professional cannot easily interact with the traditional healers. Intermediate steps are essential: the persons steeped in western medicine and culture must transmit their knowledge to educated health personnel from the indigenous society, who then interpret knowledge and skills and convey them to the indigenous healers. The paper describes the first of a series of training‐of‐trainers' workshops held for 20 experienced midwives and auxiliary midwives working in the organized health system in rural areas of Zaire. After returning to their posts, these persons train the rural traditional birth attendants (TBAs). The workshop instructed the midwives to identify customs and practices of TBAs; how to teach them about maternity care and family planning; and how to evaluate and supervise them in their communit

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90328-8

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90329-X

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90330-6

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90331-8

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2182    

DOI:10.1016/0091-2182(84)90336-7

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY