摘要:

Since July 1982 a population-based study of stroke has been carried out in the Lehigh Valley, a region in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, USA, with 580,000 people. During the first year, the annual incidence rates of stroke and transient ischemic attack were 167 and 49 per 100,000 population, respectively. Cerebral thrombosis, embolus, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage accounted for 76, 13, 8 and 3% of the strokes, respectively. The overall incidence rate and distribution of stroke by type agree well with other population-based studies. The large size of the population in the Lehigh Valley means that information on the epidemiology of stroke, as well as the effects of various therapies on stroke frequency and outcome, can be collected in a shorter period of time than in most other communities studied to date. Finally, an assessment of concordance in diagnosis between attending physicians and a neurologist using standardized criteria was possible for the entire community.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110209

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The occurrence of diabetes, hypertension, and diaphragmatic hernia was investigated in an institutionalized population of long-term epileptics. Review of medical records determined the prevalence ratio of diabetes to be about 1.6% and the prevalence of hypertension to be about 2.3 %. Both of these estimates are significantly lower than the rates in the general US population. The prevalence of diaphragmatic hernia among females (4.8%) was found to be significantly higher than the general population rate, but the corresponding ratio among males (3.6%) was not. Associations with major drugs used were subsequently investigated using a case-control methodology. Implications for etiologic research are discussed.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110210

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There are conflicting opinions about the significance of 5 perinatal findings felt to be indicators of asphyxia (meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, acidotic fetal scalp blood gases, low Apgar scores, and acidotic cord blood gases). A review of the literature was undertaken to determine the strength of association of each of these findings with adverse outcomes. Although all studies contained methodological problems, these indicators were found to have strong associations with one or more adverse outcomes such as perinatal death, low Apgar scores or cerebral palsy. The strength of the association (relative risk) was found to vary inversely with the prevalence of the outcome.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110211

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incidence rates of primary nervous system neoplasms in 5 districts (large administrative units) of Western Poland with a relatively homogeneous health care system but some contrasts in economic activity, as well as in 224 communes (smallest administrative units) located within these 5 districts, with a total population of 3,097,000 were estimated on the appointed day (31.12.79). Testing the hypothesis, assuming a homogeneous distribution of nervous system neoplasms over the region under investigation, that the incidence rates were distributed as a Poisson variable has revealed a focal distribution of these tumours; in 15 communes the frequency was higher than 9.0 and deviated from the remainder in the 5% right tail of the distribution. The main conclusion from the presented results was that tumours of the nervous system of which 90% were intracranially located, may occur in clusters or foci, and this could prove to be of clinical as well as statistical import.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110212

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The major treatable risk factors in thromboembolic stroke are hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Two prospective hospital series of TIA provide no evidence that either medical or surgical therapy is superior to the other or to supportive treatment. However, the treated groups were not shown to be comparable. Only the joint cooperative study on extracranial arterial occlusion provided random allocation of TIA patients to surgery or no surgery. The published conclusion comparing course after discharge was that surgery was of significant benefit. However, when the groups were compared from the point of randomization and when later TIA alone were excluded, there was not even a suggestion that the surgery groups did better than the others. Sample size was such, though, that a possible reduction of stroke occurrence by one-half could not be excluded with the data at hand, leaving the ultimate decision as to the potential value of surgery in TIA to the clinician.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110213

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110214

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110215

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger