ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This retrospective study examines the effects of a change in policy in the method of offering appointments for assessment to patients referred to an out‐patient psychotherapy service. It was anticipated that the new system would reduce the frequency of non‐attendance (DNAs) at assessment interviews, increase the proportion of attenders judged suitable for psychotherapy and reduce the proportion of early dropouts amongst those commencing therapy.Results confirmed a reduction in DNAs, but suitability for therapy was not enhanced, nor did the rate of early dropouts diminish. With the new system, proportionately fewer referrals were assessed and fewer commenced therapy, suggesting that it has created a barrier to use of the serv

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports a study based on a group of 12 out‐patients whose mood and personal construing were monitored before and after assessment of suitability for dynamic psychotherapy. Changes in the construct system were found, but not in the predicted direction. These changes included reduced differentiation, tightening of constructs and a subsequent loss of the ability to cope with contradiction and ambivalence. The self‐concept remained unchanged, but the patients' mood improved. Due to the lack of correspondence between the predicted changes and the actual changes, this paper goes on the examine the various possible factors influencing the relationship between personal construing, depression and the assessment interv

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS‐A) has been used in many studies to measure depressogenic attitudes, vulnerability to depression and to assess the effectiveness of cognitive therapy. Despite its frequent use in research, no data have yet been reported on its item validity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the item validity and psychometric properties of the DAS‐A in the Turkish cultural context. The subjects were 345 university students. The locally adapted versions of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire were also administered. The reliability coefficients and the factor structure of the DAS‐A were found to be similar to those reported in the West. However, the total mean was found to be unusually high. The reason for this elevated mean score was found to reside in the response patterns of the subjects to the reverse items. None of these 10 reverse items discriminated the dysphoric and non‐dysphoric groups. A closer examination revealed these 10 items to reflect autonomous attitudes. It seems that these 10 reverse items do nothing but distort the mean scores and render cross‐cultural comparisons difficult. Recent research on depression shows that, while autonomy may or may not be related to depression, sociotropy has consistent association with it. Researchers in other cultures and those working with minority and immigrant groups are warned against this bias inherent in

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a longitudinal study of personality, 66 women completed the Cesarec Marke Personality Schedule, a Swedish personality inventory, in order to assess their psychogenic needs at the age of 15 and 25. Psychiatric symptoms and a number of background variables were assessed independently after the completion of the Cesarec Marke Personality Schedule, with the aim of examining whether traits and background variables were related to psychiatric symptoms.The psychogenic needs Defence of Status and Guilt Feelings at the age of 15 were positively and significantly related to depressive and anxiety symptoms and high score on psychiatric morbidity in general. The psychogenic needs Defence of Status, Guilt Feelings and Succourance at the age of 25 were significantly related to the symptom constructs Somatization, Interpersonal‐sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety‐phobia, and General Morbidity. Subjects with a low score of psychiatric symptoms differed from high scoring subjects by having been raised by older parents, experienced a secure childhood, better relationships with siblings and peers, and a longer education.It may be hypothesized that high scores on Defence of Status and Guilt Feelings in combination with less favourable background variables may constitute a vulnerability factor for depression and anxi

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Traditional repertory grid studies of construct system organization have assumed that measures of organization derived from the construing of others are equivalent to measures derived from the construing of self. They also have assumed that constructs generated around the construing of others can be used to construe the self. Finally, they have assumed that the self is a unitary concept that does not vary across contexts. This study provides some empirical data on these assumptions by comparing the construction of self and others on repertory grids. Only moderate correlations between the organization of self and others were found on grid measures of construct independence and construct integration. Higher relationships were found on measures of construct system meaningfulness and the constructed use of categories. The implications of these data for repertory grid research are discussed.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between defensive style and concept formation with aggressive and neutral stimuli was investigated. Very strong relationships were found between the use of avoidant and repressive defenses and the number of errors made in acquiring and utilizing an aggressive concept. This relationship was not found for the neutral concept. The results suggest the importance of directing attention to the relevant stimulus dimension in efficient concept formation. Insofar as defensive style involves a particular way of deploying attention (e.g. avoidance of a particular content) and insofar as the affective nature of the stimulus material lends itself to the elicitation of defensive reactions, individual differences in defensive style can serve as a robust predictor of efficiency of concept formation.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Historical changes in psychological symptoms are analysed not only from a social causation approach but also from a labelling perspective. Modern eating disorders lend themselves to such an analysis because of their historical variability. Effects of the introduction and dispersion of the psychiatric concept of ‘ bulimia nervosa’ at normal body weight and its propagation through the mass media are examined (relying on Devereux's model of ‘ethnic disorders’). Data of an exploratory interview study with 39 bulimic patients evaluated along these lines (a) indicate that the recognition of bulimia has facilitated seeking of professional and non‐professional help, (b) invite categorization of bulimic behaviour implying less self‐blame, (c) render imitation of bulimia more probable, and (d) covary with less secretive illness behaviour indicating a broadening of underlying

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study was designed to examine the impact of a patient's death on other patients in a hospice. Following pilot work, 11 patients who had shared a room with a patient who had died were compared with nine who had been in the hospice for a similar amount of time, but had not witnessed the death of another patient. Those who had witnessed a death were significantly less depressed on a standard measure of emotional distress (the HAD). They also rated the death of another patient as significantly more comforting than distressing. Thus the results point to the benefits rather than disadvantages for patients of witnessing the death of another patient in the hospice.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Grant (1990) reported significantly higher dominance scores during pregnancy of mothers who later bore sons than mothers who later bore daughters. Such findings have been reported in other species, and evidence is adduced here to suggest that this difference is not wholly a temporary effect of the pregnancy but probably pre‐ and post‐dates the pregna

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY