摘要:

The extent to which mothers and their infants can synchronize their activity levels and cycles of engagement and disengagement has been seen as fundamental to healthy affective development in the infant. Ten mothers and their infants were studied to consider the possibility of a neurophysiological base to synchronization potential. The infants' neurophysiological capacities were examined within two to three days of birth using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale. The same infants and their mothers were assessed in their interactions after three months. The mothers' physiological responses to stimulation also were examined. Significant correlations were found between neonatal responsivity to stimuli and motor maturity, maternal stimulus screening capacity and the nature of the mother‐infant interaction at three months. In particular, infants who were more socially responsive and attentive to stimuli had mothers with a greater capacity for ‘screening out’ redundant stimuli. Moreover, these same dyads spent more time in social engagement and had fewer cycles of disengagement. These findings, together with other studies, suggest that particular neurophysiological capacities of mothers and infants may be more conducive to the synchronization of their interactions than others. This raises the possibility that the chaotic asynchrony observed in clinically diagnosed mother‐infant disturbances may have a neurophysiologic

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Popper's philosophy has been often misrepresented in the debate about the scientific status of psychoanalysis by pseudo‐Popperians who use the idea of falsifiability without rejecting positivism and inductive logic. The debate itself is misconceived because it is based on the outdated positivist assumption that what is not science is not important. Partially submerged by this, however, is a very important debate about method. The issues are clearly focused by what is here called ‘Hill's problem’, that of finding a common framework in which the contributions of organic, psychodynamic and social psychiatry can be discussed and applied to clinical problem solving.Will's paper brings out many fundamental problems. This reply discusses misapprehended aspects of Popper's world view and introduces his plural interactionalist metaphysical research programme. It demonstrates the close similarity of Popper's view of science which Lorenz calls ‘hypothetical realism’ with Bhaskar's ‘transcendental realism’ which Will advocates for pyschoanalysis. The differences hinge on concepts of explanation and the methods of theory testing. It is here argued that Popper's view is better fitted for the task Will proposes. The resemblance of ‘hypothetical realism’ to the clinical tradition further demonstrates its applicability

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attitudes towards ‘sickness’, ‘arguments’, ‘tension’, ‘social isolation’, ‘thinness’, ‘growing up’ and ‘grown up’ were investigated in 20 young female anorexia nervosa patients and their mothers, and in 32 volunteer non‐patient schoolgirls and their mothers. A computer‐generated semantic differential questionnaire was completed by each daughter and her mother, first for herself and then as she thought the other person would have answered it. The majority of significant differences occurred between the anorexic daughters and their mothers as a group, and the non‐patient daughters and mothers as a group. The anorexia nervosa group rated ‘sickness’, ‘arguments' and ‘tension’ more favourably than did the non‐patients, while the patients rated ‘thinness' and ‘social isolation’ less favourably than did the non‐patient group. Neither group of mo

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and thirty‐three obese women were administered a modified version of the Reid‐Ware Locus of Control questionnaire prior to jaw wiring. The factorial structure of the questionnaire was examined, and found to be primarily a unidimensional measure of internal and external locus of control, with two subscales. Total score had greatest predictive validity in terms of the four criteria of success of weight loss while wired, percentage weight loss of wiring weight, weight gain over six months, and compliance with the treatment régime. Twenty items of the scale predicted success on one or more of these criteria of success, and are presented as an abbreviated locus of control scale with a higher degree of validity than the original s

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the salient clinical features and histories of 42 patients whose artifactual condition gained them admittance to hospital. Most were female, single, separated or divorced, emotionally deprived in childhood and/or adulthood, and ‘psychopathic’. Also common were poor work records, court convictions, drug and/or alcoholic histories and aggressive traits and/or acts. However, 50 per cent were in caring professions and 28 per cent socially conformist. Distinct subgroups were wanderers, non‐wanderers, single‐system and multiple‐system patients, haemorrhagic and psychiatric patients. Seventy‐four per cent seemed to be experiencing severe unacknowledged sexual and/or marital problems, 32 per cent sought more general attention, 10 per cent were compensating for loss of parents or spouse, and 12 per cent were escaping things or trying to obtain things retrospectively. Haemorrhagic and psychiatric subgroups of artifactual illness had not previously been described. Non‐wanderers were significantly more cooperative in follow‐up than wanderers. The psychopathology of this disturban

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The abnormal individual is displaced from his position within the symbolic classification offered by the community. He can however negotiate a new identity by using the available intellectual tools of his culture, either by aligning himself with a prescribed deviant position or by utilizing themes which are latent in the culture. The example considered here is that of a psychiatric patient from the Jewish Hasidic community in London.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study examines repertory grid measures of conflict. Evidence is provided that neurotic disorder is associated with high levels of logical consistency in construct relationships, particularly in those concerning ‘symptom constructs’, but this is found to be in large part a function of a relationship between neurotic disorder and high intensity of construct relationships. No significant changes in conflict scores are found during psychological therapy, but high conflict scores are associated with clinical allocation to, and improvement in, group psychotherapy and lack of conflict to allocation to, and improvement in, behaviour ther

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of humour in group psychotherapy has received scant attention from both clinician and researcher. We have identified, and attempted to classify, several uses to which humour can be put in a group. We also point out the destructive potential of humour, and categorize its misapplications. We hope our scheme will serve as a framework within which systematic research can be conducted.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changing roles of the psychologist over the past 30 years or so have been rapid and fundamental. This has led to difficulties when psychologist and doctor do not see the former's role in the same way. Psychologists achieve clinical independence for their work rather sooner than doctors do, and if this is not understood there can be difficulties in communication. If the doctor and psychologist employ different theoretical models of illness, this may affect the ease with which agreed therapeutic strategies are reached. The respective roles played by the doctor and the psychologist may be consonant, in that both are research, or both are clinically, oriented. When this is not the case, difficulties may occur. It is suggested that job descriptions should be agreed before appointments are made. Unresolved tensions concerning clinical responsibility may cause communication difficulties. It is suggested that the claims of functional leadership over status leadership be examined.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY