ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The research reported here was an initial attempt to assess the feasibility and utility of providing new referrals to a psychiatric out‐patient clinic with written summaries of their consultations. After routine consultations patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (those sent a summary letter,N= 23) or control group (letter to GP only,N= 29). Subsequent assessment interviews revealed that the summary letters were very well received and patients in the experimental group were significantly more satisfied with their consultations than their control group counterparts. Study findings suggest that such letters offer a practicable option which may provide considerable benefits to patients, their families and referring GP

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article outlines a problem‐solving approach to stress and coping. Beginning with a discussion of these concepts a model is then proposed to describe some of the key psychological processes involved when a person appraises and reacts to a potentially stressful situation. These concepts and the model are then used to provide a framework which illustrates the different ways in which interventions might be made by a psychotherapist to help people improve their coping behaviour when confronted with such situation

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is generally assumed that a good night's sleep has a beneficial effect on mood. The present survey aimed to evaluate what a good night's sleep means for mental well‐being and psychic functional capacity. A random community sample of 670 adult subjects was divided into three groups: good, intermediate and poor sleepers according to a sleep habit questionnaire based on self‐reports. Their cognitive, emotional and personality features were assessed with various psychometric and personality tests, and differences between the groups were evaluated statistically. In the age‐ and gender‐adjusted population the average good sleeper turned out to be a person who falls asleep in 10 minutes, after which his/her 7.5 hours' sleep is serene and without parasomnias. Immediately on awakening in the morning and later during the day he/she is mentally alert without distress or emotional problems.Definite mood and personality differences between good and other sleepers in the adult population surveyed revealed that good sleepers are psychologically capable of maintaining a self‐esteem which is in functional balance with their life‐goals and mental

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred subjects volunteered to take part in a ‘diary‐type’ study in which they were to check, at the end of each day, a variety of items dealing with events, mood states and health. A subsample was selected who had both provided several weeks of data and had, during that time, suffered at least one common cold episode. A lagged relationship between events and the onset of cold episodes was found. Desirable events (‘uplifts’) were found to decrease significantly in frequency during a period commencing four days prior to cold onset. There was a less significant tendency for the number of undesirable events (‘hassles’) to rise during this same period. Subjects' ratings also indicated that they had been feeling more angry, tense and sceptical during this period. It is argued that thelaggedrelationship, the use of subjects as their own controls, and the partly replicatory nature of the study, give strong support to psycho‐immunological hypotheses concerning links between life‐events and illness. Individual item analysis suggests that fluctuations in perceived intimacy, social support and self‐esteem may be important media

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Parents of 37 children with asthma (aged between three and five years) and of 37 healthy controls were interviewed about their involvement in everyday care, discipline practices, perceptions of their child and situations which were particularly stressful. There was little correlation between mothers' and fathers' preferences for different discipline practices. There was, however, greater agreement in their perceptions. Parents of children with asthma did not differ from those of healthy controls in discipline practices. However, children with asthma were perceived to be generally less healthy. Parents of those with asthma also reported a greater number of everyday situations to be stressful. These data do not support traditional assumptions that parents of children with asthma are more permissive or overindulgent. At least in this preschool sample, there was only limited indication of adverse effects of chronic disease on parenting practices.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study explored the generality vs. specificity of attitudes as measured by the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale. This scale is a new measure devised to measure discomfort in social interaction posited to be experienced by people with low levels of prior contact with people with disabilities. Twelve parallel versions of the IDP Scale were administered to a sample of 481 respondents. Eleven versions specified a different disabling condition in the preamble to the scale, whilst one version was based on the general concept of disability. Analyses of variance indicated that type of disability did not significantly influence responding, whereas a significant main effect emerged for level of prior contact. These findings are interpreted as providing support for the rationale of the IDP Scale and for the operation of generalized attitudes towards people with disabilities. Further analysis usingttests revealed six significant differences between parallel forms for diabetes, AIDS, drug dependence and other disabilities. These results were interpreted as reflecting high public awareness of these conditions and the likelihood that they fall outside the public definition of disability.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A semiotic conceptualization of pain in the chronic pain syndrome is proposed. It is suggested that among chronic pain patients pain ceases to be an icon or an index and acquires a symbolic structure: this transformation interferes with the usual patient‐physician relationship. The semiotic perspective on the structure of meaning in the chronic pain syndrome underlines the need to include a psychotherapeutic approach in the patient‐physician relationship; specific aspects of the approach to chronic pain as a symbolic communication are discus

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The factorial structure of a nine‐item Framingham Type A Scale, the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire, the 57‐item Eysenck Personality Inventory and a 20‐item checklist of predominantly physical symptoms was examined in a nationally representative sample of 3065 women and 2520 men. For both women and men, the six principal components extracted from the 116 items and orthogonally rotated clearly corresponded to the six variables of psychological distress, neuroticism, symptoms, extraversion, the Lie scale and the Type A behaviour pattern. While Type A was positively correlated with neuroticism, psychological distress, extraversion and symptoms, there was no support for the idea that it could be more parsimoniously subsumed under these variables. Type A also showed a significant but very small positive association with self‐reported coronary heart disease in men, although the correlations between heart disease and psychological distress, neuroticism and symptoms were more

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A recent article by Ivancevich&Matteson notes many problems with research into the ‘A–B’ personality but recommends continued research into the construct. It is pointed out that these authors omit consideration of much of the relevant literature and that, when the omitted work is included, the ‘A–B’ construct must be viewed as a false trail which should now b

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY