摘要:

The main concepts of object relations theory are considered. While the clinical value of the theory is unquestionable, the persistant reification of intrapsychic processes is seen as a barrier to clear thinking and as a cause of the isolation of psychoanalytic thought from general psychology. An account is offered in cognitive terms of how a person's schemes or procedures for interpersonal relating and for structuring the self develop and are maintained. It is suggested that the insights of object relations theory can be restated in these terms.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is considerable disagreement regarding whether defences operate unconsciouly, represent deliberate styles of coping with problems, or fall somewhere between. The present study considered the role of awareness in mediating the relation between defence and stress by establishing whether the conscious or unconscious nature of a given defence was associated with a distinct level of stress. The results forprojectionandrationalizationconfirmed the classical Freudian version of defence as an unconscious mechanism that reduces the stress of painful thoughts. Unconscious projectors and rationalizers reported singularly low levels of stress over the previous year.Repressionwithout awareness was associated with a distinctly high level of stress, whereasdenialwith awareness was related to lower stress. While these results provide some support for the view that defences must be unconscious to work effectively, they also suggest the diversity among defences in the role played by awareness in coping with stress.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hetherington has recently argued that psychology's concern with anecdotal evidence, introspective data and rare or one‐off events renders the methodology and explanatory model of the natural sciences inappropriate and inadequate; and as such psychology needs to develop its own methods of inquiry. However, an examination of his arguments reveals that psychological data do not require explanation of a radically different kind from that employed in the natural sciences. Hetherington is correct in emphasizing that what is distinctive about the subject matter of psychology is its concern with intentional content; however, the conclusions he draws about the special nature of psychological explanation are unwarrante

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review is made of definitions of ‘delusion’. Problems with these are considered in terms of clarity and consistency with the evidence. Questions concerning the issues of fixity and intensity of delusions are raised and a proposal is made for attempting to operationalize these concepts using a ‘personal questionnaire’ method. The measurement in a pilot study of the fixity and intensity of the beliefs of two patients using this method is described and the results r

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ‘psychic’ experiences of 17 students (sensitives) from the College of Psychic Studies were compared with those of 17 church‐going control subjects, who were matched for age, sex, and approximate intellectual level. At interview, 67 items of information relating to the medical history, family history, ‘psychic gifts’, head injuries, and mystical experiences were obtained. The shortened WAIS, the Benton Visual Retention Test, with tests of both dominant (Wechsler Logical Memory) and non‐dominant temporal lobe function (the Rey—Osterreith Test) were given. The results showed that the sensitive population contained more single or divorced people, and people who had sometime consulted a psychiatrist. They had experienced more head injuries and serious illnesses than the controls. Sixty‐six per cent showed evidence of right hemisphere and right temporal lobe dysfunction and, of these, 35 per cent had poor visual memories. There was evidence to suggest that some ‘sychic’ experiences were associated with brain dysfunction. Despite an increased occurrence of head injury, no clear correlation with the onset of ‘psychic’ sensitivity was found. Mystical experiences showed a trend towards being related to non‐dominant hemisphere dysfunction. Vagueness about the position of the sensitive's ‘psychic helper’ in physical space was also associated with non‐

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Discrepancy frequently exists between the perspectives of psychotherapists and their patients about what problems and which patients are suitable for psychotherapy and how psychotherapy should be conducted. Lazareet all's(1972, 1975a) negotiated ‘customer’ approach attempts to correct this deficiency by providing mental health services that more fully take into account the specific service requests of patients. Lazare's 14 identified services were applied to develop profiles of each of four service types, including two classes of psychotherapy. Applying the criteria developed, 52.6 per cent of patients evaluated could be classified into one of four classes of service. Only two patients presented a pattern of service requests consistent with a broadly defined supportive psychotherapy. The three largest patient groups were then compared with respect to several classes of variables. Major differences were found between the non‐psychotherapy group and the two psychotherapy groups, but not between the psychotherapy groups. Service requests of patients generally paralleled those perceived by the intervi

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reported complaints of psychotherapy out‐patients in 1938 are compared with those of patients in 1978. Both men and women complain less of bodily malfunctioning and more of anger, guilt, suicidal thoughts, and of sexual difficulties. Unlike men, women show a significant increase in interpersonal problems, sleep difficulties, depression and feelings of inadequacy or inferiorit

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A novel ward‐round procedure was introduced on an acute psychiatric admissions ward. There was an equal balance in number of staff and patients attending the meetings simultaneously, and all team members participated in the interviewing and discussion. This was compared to the traditional type of ward‐round procedure in which one patient attends at any given time, and the consultant is the exclusive interviewer and director of team discussion. The content of negotiation in the traditional ward round was compared to that in the novel style of meeting and it was found that the novel format produced a swing away from medical and diagnostic issues to domestic and social matt

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attitudes to treatment were investigated in medical and nursing staff and alcoholic patients at a district general hospital. Significant differences were found between the two groups, indicating that patients prefer a strict medical approach to their problems rather than a psychological one. The implications of these findings for the planning of therapeutic strategies for alcoholics are discussed.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using interviews and psychometric measures, this study compared the experiences and opinions of unemployment of four small groups of young people who were: unemployed, on a Youth Opportunities Placement Scheme, on a Youth Opportunities Project Scheme, or employed apprentices.It was found by means of the Beck Depression Inventory, that there were significant differences between the groups, with the employed being less depressed than the other three groups. The two groups on Youth Opportunities Schemes were intermediate but not significantly different from the unemployed. No significant differences were found using the Neuroticism scale of the EPI.This measure of depression, and the general attitudes expressed in discussion, support the conclusion that although the Youth Opportunities Scheme tends to reduce depression from being unemployed, it does not provide the psychological benefits of permanent employment, as suggested by previous research. This discrepancy in findings is discussed and the question raised as to whether the positive benefits of training programmes are sustained over time.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY