摘要:

The relationships between the object (person) focus of therapist interpretations and outcome were examined for 21 patients who received short‐term individual psychotherapy. Percentages of single objects and linked objects, e.g. therapist‐parent link, were derived from an analysis of the therapy sessions. Patients, therapists and an independent assessor provided pre‐therapy, post‐therapy and six‐month follow‐up outcome scores. Contrary to other reports in the literature little evidence was found to support the hypothesis of a direct linear relationship between object focus and favourable outcome. Several explanations for the findings ar

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Focal dynamic psychotherapy with acute manic patients has been a neglected treatment modality. In young adults with sound premorbid personalities and well‐developed ambition systems, focal dynamic psychotherapy is useful in the manic stage; it shortens the process of elaboration of major conflicts related to self‐image and self‐ideal. Three young Israeli soldiers’ case material is discussed in whom, due to different growth constellations, the hope to serve in the army in specific capacities had been a central motivating and consolidating factor in their personality development. Their confrontation with the realities and frustrations of military life caused them to react with a manic syndrome which brought them to treatment. Therapeutic insight led to the reshaping of their ambition to a more adaptiv

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

According to psychoanalytic theory, a bereaved individual's prior relationship with the lost person affects his vulnerability to bereavement. Freud attributed the vulnerability to the intensity of ambivalence, and Fenichel saw Oedipal rivalry as one example of that ambivalence. It is argued that, after the death of a parent, reality testing, crucial to the resolution of the Oedipus complex, is disrupted differently for children of the same sex, from those of the opposite sex. Based on Freud's and Fenichel's clinical observations, the effects of disrupted reality testing were transformed into a testable hypothesis. The predictions were validated by testing them against the data supplied by patients before they had any professional contact, when two‐thirds of bereaved psychotherapy patients exhibited different effects when the deceased parent was of the same sex, from when he/she was of the opposite sex. A majority of the same‐sex children develop an unconscious sense of guilt, which blocks their expression of Oedipal attitudes towards both parents and which attacks their capacity to function adequately at work, and in their sex‐linked roles; while the opposite‐sex children maintain their preference for the dead parent, aversion to the alive one, and have idealized expectations of their lovers or

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An event in a therapeutic community is examined from the perspectives of the structuralism of Durkheim and the functionalism of psychoanalysis. Although these two approaches might appear theoretically contradictory, analysis of the evidence shows them to be clinically complementary. The role of social structure in therapeutic communities requires deliberate conceptualization if such communities are to be demonstrably therapeutic.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper discusses the relationship between the psychoanalytic concept of character and the moral considerations of ‘character’. Both psychoanalysis (and dynamic psychotherapy) as well as moral philosophy are concerned with judgements of right and wrong. Though psychotherapists take a non‐judgemental attitude toward those in treatment, there are implicit judgements based on the expectation of a developmental progression toward ‘maturity’ and the ability to value actions which go beyond the self. The history of the term character in the psychoanalytic literature is reviewed to show how character is dealt with in psychodynamic psychotherapy as well as the similarity of the concerns of the psychotherapist and the moral ph

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model is presented, based on clinical experience, mother‐child observations and survey data, delineating two different maternal orientations towards babies and motherhood. The essential difference in orientation is that the Facilitator mother adapts to her baby while the Regulator mother expects the baby to adapt. On a behavioural level these two orientations are manifest in differing maternal practices: the Facilitator mothers exclusively, responding spontaneously to her baby's needs as they arise, whereas the Regulator establishes a routine to foster predictability and shares mothering with her partner or other caretakers.This paper explores three areas within the different maternal orientations of the Facilitator and Regulator:(a)bconceptualization: conscious beliefs and expectations of motherhood and babies;(b)bpractice: observable differences in adaptation to pregnancy, labour, birth and early weeks of motherhood, and differential postnatal vulnerability to psychosocial provoking factors;(c)unconscious processes: identifications, phantasies and defences underlying these practices.The psychogenesis of the two maternal orientations is explored. It is suggested that unconscious identifications between various aspects of the mother's internal world and the foetus determine the maternal orientations, with the Facilitator mother employing idealization and manic reparation to sustain her maternal beliefs while the Regulator engages in manic defence and dissociation. Conscious and unconscious processes operate in conjunction with current socio‐economic circumstances to determine maternal pract

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty primigravidae were assessed on the short form of the Stress‐Arousal Adjective Check List (SACL) at the commencement of the third trimester of pregnancy. Fifty‐four of these were also administered the SACL in the labour ward and at three days after birth. On the first assessment the mean levels for the group of mothers were above normative levels of stress but not normative levels of arousal. In labour there was a significant increase in stress accompanied by a significant decrease in arousal. On the third day stress and arousal means were at approximately normative levels. Of those women stressed antenatally, four‐fifths were also stressed in labour and half were stressed postnatally. Correlates of stress and arousal are examined and the utility of the measures disc

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Repertory grids were used to investigate self‐esteem and social perception in three groups: depressed in‐patients, non‐depressed psychiatric in‐patients and a general hospital control group. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Depressives had significantly lower self‐esteem and more negative social perception and negative feelings associated with ‘actual self’, as predicted by Beck's cognitive theory. Repertory grids are potentially useful tools for the development of cognitive theories of depression, and may also have a role in clinical practice using cogniti

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model of psychological preselection is proposed to account for findings of higher psychiatric morbidity among Arts students than in other faculties. The predictions of this model and a competing ‘course factor’ model are tested. Arts students are found to show more evidence of anxiety, insomnia, depression and poorer relationships with parents before academic courses have begun. Some of these differences are found to be constructed from distinct sex‐linked components. Certain aspects of the preselection model were not supported by the findings, and refinements to the model are presented. It is suggested that the preselection may be based on an interconnection between clarity of identity, cognitive style and educational choice. The data also support the view that adolescent ‘storm and stress’ may be the experience of the relat

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both the Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP) and the presence of stressful life‐events have been independently established as precursors to the onset of coronary heart disease (CHD). The thematic character of the TABP suggests, however, that the two phenomena might be linked, to the extent that features of the TABP may place an individual in social, occupational and personal circumstances which enhance the probability of encountering stressful life‐events. Evidence from survivors of clinical CHD gives some support to this idea. The present study extends the hypothesis to a large sample of healthy males, screened for CHD risk factors. These results, too, support the idea that the TABP and encounters with stressful life‐events are not entirely independent phenomena. Associations between the TABP and a range of measures of life‐events were most evident in the occupational aspects of the latter, though not exclusively so. The data do point to the need, in future epidemiological studies of CHD risk, to treat the TABP and stressful life‐events as related measures of

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY