ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Interpersonal empathy is a subtle and multisided phenomenon which can, nevertheless, lend itself to systematic portrayal and investigation. This paper further refines the author's account of empathy as involving a sequence of distinct steps or phases. Freshly introduced here is the idea of empathic response not only to self‐experience but also towards relationships conceived as emergent living wholes with their own felt presence and individuality. Given described preconditions for empathy, three main phases in a complete empathic process are distinguished: reception and resonation by the listener; expressive communication of this responsive awareness by the empathizing person; and the phase of received empathy, or awareness of being understood. The phases are not a single closed system, thus do not occur in lock step and are semi‐autonomous in practice. Responding empathically to relationship systems (existing as ‘we’ or ‘us’ to the participants and as a joint ‘you’ to others) may be interwoven with empathic response to individual ‘I’ experience. Although differing in focus, the empathic process follows the same phasic course in both cases. An underlying view is that individual selves are only one of the forms human life takes; other forms include relationships, families and

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study provides empirical support for a new interpersonal concept of transactional escalation. This proposition hypothesizes that an individual's typical pattern of interpersonal behaviour will become more extreme and rigid under stressful interpersonal conditions. Thirty Caucasian females participated in brief interviews that had two stages: low‐stress and high‐stress conditions. The half of the subjects who were assigned to a high‐stress interview condition were predicted to show an escalation of their typical friendly‐submissive patterns during the second half of the interview. Findings revealed that escalation was evidenced by an increase in the extremeness and rigidity of their interpersonal behaviour. Implications for interpersonal theory, and for diagnostic and psychotherapy endeavours are discussed and directions for future research are p

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Where words fail, music may be a medium through which to explore one's inner world and experiences. Psychodynamic approaches have helped us to understand what it means to be handicapped (e.g. Sinason, 1992). The subtleties of diagnosing anorexia nervosa have recently been recognized in this group (e.g. Cottrell&Crisp, 1984). Music therapy has been used with clients of normal intelligence who have eating disorders (Nolan, 1989; Sloboda, 1993; Smeijsters&van den Hurk 1993). This article illustrates the music therapy of a woman with Down's syndrome (IQ = 50) and anorexia nervosa. It describes her management and progress in music therapy in relation to her external world and anorectic behaviours.Music has charms to soothe a savage breastThe Mourning Bride, I.1 William Congreve (1670–172

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cervical cancer is one of the most serious illnesses affecting women today, particularly in developing societies. Despite medical advances in treatment and the success of cervical screening programmes in detection, the incidence of the disease is increasing. In this paper it is argued that one of the reasons for this is that the aetiological model employed for cervical cancer takes little account of psychological and psychophysiological factors. Both of these factors are now thought to play important roles in disease processes. Research in these areas is reviewed and a new aetiological model for cervical cancer described. This model incorporates existing epidemiological and medical formulations into a new multifactor framework. The implications of this model for treatment are explored and it is suggested that psychological interventions could play a much greater role than they have in the past.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The crazy talk exhibited by some mental patients is re‐examined. Our inability to understand the other is not a valid reason for concluding that he is insane, much less that he has a brain disease. The seemingly senseless speech of persons called ‘psychotic’ resembles glossolalia or the religious phenomenon of ‘gift of tongues’ rather than a speech disturbance, such as aphasia, indicative of brai

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article, Szasz's analysis of ‘crazy talk’ is considered in the context of his wider critique of psychiatric theory. We argue that Szasz has performed an important service by drawing attention to psychiatric prejudice regarding the causes of abnormal behaviour, and by pointing to the role of values in psychiatric decision making. However, Szasz may be criticized for his oversimple analysis of the concept of ‘illness’ and for his failure to recognize that values are central to all clinical decision making, including the diagnosis of physical illness. In the light of these criticisms we identify important weaknesses in his arguments about the incoherent speech of psychiatric p

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nature of the relationship between accidental trauma and psychopathology may not always be clear. Cases of post‐traumatic anorexia nervosa have been described but without detailed attention to pre‐existing psychopathological processes. This may give rise to spurious conclusions about direction of causality. We describe a male patient who developed anorexia nervosa on two occasions, both episodes occurring during the convalescent period following traumatic accidents several years apart. The intervening period was characterized by strict self‐regulation and conflict avoidance, typical of anorexia nervosa but with the body maintained at only a moderately low weight. We suggest that accidents can arise at times of crisis in such ongoing attempts at intense self‐regulation. They may then reflect the escape from control of impulsivity and also provide an ultimate means of avoidance of further guilt‐laden behaviour. They can be understood in the light of pre‐existing psychopathology. The difficulties in early recognition and diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, especially in the male and in the absence of extreme weight loss are als

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 50‐year‐old married woman with a history of recurrent depression developed a severe abnormal grief reaction following the death of her son (who had recovered from an eating disorder) in a car crash. The patient reported a number of bizarre rituals involving her son's ashes and personal effects obtainedpost mortem.She developed anorexia nervosa four months after his de

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY