摘要:

A philosophical approach is suggested which regards scientific laws as based upon the structure of the universe but fully open‐ended in that the structure does not determine what must occur but only what cannot occur. There are thus infinite future possibilities but nevertheless a firm orderly system which permits reliable expectations within the limits of the system while at the same time there is scope for free will in a real sense. Such a view admits the limitations of a falsification‐of‐hypotheses approach to research insofar as it depends upon the single‐case basis of refutation. However it finds no problems with regard to a multivariate analysis of data assessed in terms of probability theory and considered in relation to its consistency with the total body of scientific theory, which it sees as having its basis in a 'thingness' concept that is both fundamental in our perceptual activity and acceptable as a basis for understanding the systematic orderliness of our mental expe

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between the anticipation of change, construct meaningfulness, construct differentiation, and the amount of change occurring on personal constructs over a six‐week period. The anticipation of change was defined as the degree of change the subject expected to occur over the six‐week time period. The anticipation of change was positively related to the amount of change that occurred in the construing of the self. Construct meaningfulness was defined as the importance of the construct for understanding the self. There was a negative relationship between construct meaningfulness and the amount of change that occurred over the six‐week interval. Construct differentiation was defined in terms of the relationship between constructs. A less differentiated construct has relationships with many other constructs; a more differentiated construct is more independent of other constructs. Although self‐change was more likely to occur on more differentiated constructs, this relationship decreased to near zero when the effects of anticipating change and construct meaningfulness were controlled. In summary, self‐change is most likely to occur on constructs on which the person sees change as likely, which are less important to the person, and are more independent of other c

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three hundred male subjects (age range 25–40) completed both the Dutch version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and a revised version of the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC). Principal component analysis on the WCC yielded six factors with eigenvalues above 2.0: 1 'wishful thinking/escape'; 2 'acceptance'; 3 'problem‐focused/help‐seeking'; 4 'withholding'; 5 'self‐blame'; and 6 'growth'. Factor scores for each factor were averaged and compared between Type As and Type Bs. Type A scores were lower on 'acceptance', but higher on 'problem‐focused/help‐seeking' and 'self‐blame'. These results favour the conclusion that Type As, when confronted with stressful situations, are more prone to active, problem‐focused behaviour, do not acquiesce in the problems, and see themselves, rather than the environment, as the cause of

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Crisis intervention is a model for the treatment of acute states of psychological decompensation, including some formal psychiatric disorders. In addition to crisis resolution the intervention maximizes the related potential for psychic growth and maturation, and so represents an important tool in preventive psychiatry. Crisis intervention provides the conceptual framework for an increasing number of community‐based multidisciplinary psychiatric services. In this paper, a selective review of the literature is presented in order to outline crisis theory and the practice of crisis interventio

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this paper is to present findings concerning a variety of factors expected to influence, either directly or indirectly as mediators, the psychological well‐being of persons caring for a dementing relative in the community. The sample included both co‐resident and non‐resident supporters and the data were collected via a semi‐structured interview. Only sex of dependant, sex of supporter, satisfaction with help from relatives, blood/role relationship, duration of care, frequency of visits from a home help and community nurse were significantly correlated with supporters' morale and mental health. The directions of these correlations were, however, not always as expected, e.g. the longer the duration of care‐giving the higher the supporters' morale and the better the supporters' mental health. It was interesting to find that level of impairment and help from family and friends were not significantly associated with morale and mental health of s

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Response mode analysis seeks to classify the utterances of psychotherapists and others offering personal help, with respect to the interpersonal function of the utterance. It is applicable in diverse settings, and irrespective of the theoretical orientation of the helper or the researcher. The present study presents reliability data on a new such system of analysis, incorporating a novel mode, termed exploration. Intermediate between interpretation and reflection, this mode taps the theoretically important effort by the helper to construct a frame of reference shared with the client. Results indicated that the additional precision gained by the introduction of this new mode was not accompanied by any loss in reliability as compared with previous research. Overall, the system achieved acceptable reliability although the data cautioned against overinterpretation of the codings of individual response units.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventeen young women suffering from anorexia nervosa underwent LHRF infusion, and repertory grid psychometric measures, soon after they had regained ideal body weight. Those who had regained normal LH responsiveness showed repertory grid evidence of increased adolescent conflict compared to those who failed to respond to LHRF. Certain other clinical variables which might account for this finding were excluded, and the hypothesis that amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa is partly explicable as a psychobiological defence against adolescent conflict is supported.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case study of hoarding in a woman with anorexia nervosa is reported. Obsessional and borderline personality characteristics, exacerbated by starvation, may be determinants of hoarding in anorexia nervosa.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study is reported that compared the responses of anorexic patients with those of two groups of non‐patient adolescent girls formed by taking the most frequent and the least frequent weighers from a large sample of senior schoolgirls. Each subject completed a questionnaire which related to family conflict, self‐esteem, self‐presentation, behavioural control, and the criticism of eating.A MANOVA was performed, using scores for each variable and pairwise comparisons of the groups. Since the overall test was significant for comparisons between the patients and both of the non‐patient groups, follow‐up tests were carried out. These showed that the patients differed from the non‐patients on a 'global' measure that involved all of the variables except family conflict. Self‐esteem was the only single variable which produced significant differences between any of the groups, and distinguished the patients from the least frequently weighing group of

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty patients being jaw‐wired for massive obesity were administered the MMPI Panic‐Fear scale as well as self‐ and clinician's ratings of pre‐ and post‐wiring tension and anxiety. Results confirmed the hypotheses that the scale would correlate significantly with patients' subjective feelings of tension and anxiety regarding the procedure, and that defaulters who were unwired or who unwired themselves had higher scale scores. The findings suggest that panic‐fear is involved in defaulting from jaw wiring, and that panic‐fear may have some utility in determining risk factors in jaw wiring as a treatment for ma

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY