ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seven postlinguistically deaf adults implanted with the Nucleus Multi-Electrode Cochlear Implant participated in an evaluation of speech perception performance with three speech processors: the Wearable Speech Process (WSP III), a prototype of the Mini Speech Processor, and the Mini Speech Processor. The first experiment was performed with the prototype and Wearable Speech Processor both programmed using the FOFlF2 speech coding strategy. The second experiment compared performance with the Mini Speech Processor programmed with the Multi-Peak speech coding strategy and the Wearable Speech Processor programmed with the FOFlF2 speech coding strategy. Performance was evaluated in the sound-only condition using recorded speech tests presented in quiet and in noise. Questionnaires and informal reports provided information about use in everyday life. In experiment I, there was no significant difference in performance using the Wearable Speech Processor and prototype on any of the tests. Nevertheless, six out of seven subjects preferred the prototype for use in everyday life. In experiment II, performance on open-set tests in quiet and noise was significantly higher with the Mini Speech Processor (Multi-Peak speech coding strategy) than with the Wearable Speech Processor. Subjects reported an increase in their ability to communicate with other people using the Mini Speech Processor (Multi-Peak speech coding strategy) compared with the Wearable Speech Processor in everyday life.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Consonant production was investigated in 29 children participating in the federal Food and Drug Administration's clinical trials of the Nucleus WSP-Ill cochlear implant. Speech samples were collected preimplant and 1 year postimplant. A significantly greater number of children produced stop, nasal, fricative, and glide consonants postimplant. Voiced stop consonants were used by more children than the voiceless cognates; however, voiceless fricatives were used more than voiced fricatives. Visible places of articulation were used more frequently than less visible places of articulation. Comparisons to Smith's data (J Speech Hear Res 1975;18:795–811) revealed qualitative similarities but postimplant, quantitative differences were observed. Post hoc analyses of the data revealed some sounds were influenced more by an implant than other sounds and suggest the role of an implant upon spontaneous speech is complex.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study compared the effects of three different hearing aids on subjective ratings of speech intelligibility. Insertion gain measurements on KEMAR indicated that the hearing aid fittings differed primarily in midfrequency gain. The test passages of the Speech Intelligibility Rating Test (SIR) were recorded onto tape through each hearing aid. The processed passages were presented monaurally to 13 subjects with hearing loss limited to frequencies above 2000 Hz. They rated five passages through each frequency response (FR) in a randomized order. Each subject was retested within 2 or 3 days to assess test-retest reliability. Results indicated that the FR with the most midfrequency amplification did not differ significantly from the aid with the least amount of midfrequency gain. However, the FR with intermediate midfrequency gain received significantly lower ratings than did FR with most gain. Examination of the data from individual subjects indicated that the SIR results did not show differences among the FRs for the majority of subjects.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four profoundly hearing-impaired adults who did not meet current selection criteria for implantation at the University of Melbourne were each fitted with a wearable multichannel electrotactile speech processor (Tickle Talker). The subjects were evaluated with a test battery of speech discrimination tests subsequent to training in use of the device. Thresholds for detection of pure tones were lower for the Tickle Talker than for hearing aids across the frequency range 250 to 4000 Hz. Mean speech detection thresholds for the Ling 5-sound test showed that all sounds were detected by users of the electrotactile device at normal conversational speech intensity levels. Mean speech discrimination scores were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in the tactually aided condition as compared with the tactually unaided for identification of vowels and consonants, on open-set words, open-set sentences, and on connected discourse tracking. Mean scores increased by 20% for vowels, 19% for consonants, 30% for open-set words, and 25% for open-set sentences when the Tickle Talker was used in a multimodal combination with lipreading or lipreading and hearing aids. Speechtracking rates for three subjects showed increases of from 18 to 28 wpm when the tactile device was used. Comparison of tactually aided versus unaided tracking rates for two subjects with long-term experience shows continuing improvement with additional experience with the device. These results demonstrate that hearing-impaired adults not meeting selection criteria for cochlear implantation may benefit from use of an electrotactile speech processor, and highlight the potential benefits from integration of such devices into cochlear implant programs for profoundly hearing-impaired patients.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) was measured at two different recording positions: 30 cm directly in front of the talker (reference position), and at the tragus of the talker's ear (ear-level position), for three groups of subjects: adult males, adult females, and children. Results indicated significant differences in the overall level and frequency spectra between the LTASS obtained at each microphone location. For all three groups of subjects the LTASS measured at the ear-level position consisted of more low frequency energy (i.e., below 1000 Hz) and less high frequency energy (i.e., above 2500 Hz) than did the LTASS measured at the reference microphone position. The findings suggest that the algorithms currently used to prescribe hearing aid gain may underestimate the sensation level of a hearing-impaired individual's own amplified speech productions at frequencies below 1000 Hz and overestimate the sensation level of a talker's own speech above 2500 Hz. The implications of these findings concerning selection of the electroacoustic characteristics of an amplification system for hearing-impaired individuals are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of vibrator to head coupling force on the auditory brain stem response (ABR) to bone conducted clicks in newborn infants was investigated. Twenty full term newborn infants were tested. ABRs to bone conducted clicks were obtained with four different coupling forces (225,325,425, and 525 g) at stimulus intensities of 15 and 30 dB nHL. ABRs to air conducted clicks were also obtained at 30 dB nHL. The results of this study indicated that ABR wave V latencies to bone conducted clicks in newborn infants were affected significantly when the vibrator to head coupling force shift exceeded 200 g. It is recommended that the coupling force be controlled and remain consistent when implementing ABR to bone conducted stimuli in newborn infants.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study reviews audiologic findings on cases of hearing-impaired elderly adults who were matched on the basis of peripheral hearing loss and who were divided into cochlear and retrocochlear groups on the basis of auditory brain stem response (ABR) test results. ABR test results were compared to other audiologic test results that included: (1) word-recognition scores and performance-intensity functions of phonetically balanced word lists; and (2) performance-intensity functions of Synthetic Sentence Identification lists with ipsilateral competing messages. The results of this study indicate that the retrocochlear group performed less favorably than the cochlear group on speech measures known to be sensitive to a retrocochlear site of disorder. This study further emphasizes the complexity of presbyacusis by demonstrating that peripheral hearing loss, alone, cannot account for the totality of the auditory problems that are encountered by elderly listeners.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Department of Veterans Affairs recently produced a compact disc of speech audiometry materials. The compact disc, which is available commercially, includes the W-1 spondaic words recorded by a female speaker. Two experiments were conducted. The purposes of experiment 1 were to obtain normative detection and recognition data on the female recording of the spondaic words and to compare the detection and recognition functions for the female speaker with detection and recognition functions for the original male speaker version of the W-1 words. No significant differences were found between the detection functions for each speaker or between the recognition functions for each speaker. The recognition functions for both speakers were displaced to higher sound-pressure levels by 8 dB above the detection functions. Clinically, the two versions of the W-1 spondaic words should produce equivalent results. In experiment 2, slopes of the individual spondaic word recognition functions for the female speaker were obtained from two listeners and are discussed in terms of interstimulus, intertrial, and inter-subject variability.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The development of labeling ability of an unselected group of 16 severely to profoundly hearing-impaired children was assessed over a period of 4 years, using synthetic speech pattern tests of increasing acoustic complexity. Detailed results are presented for six children matched in pairs in terms of their average pure-tone thresholds. All children showed progress in their ability to label at least some of the contrasts. Development was usually seen for the vowel contrast before the more complex initial consonant voicing contrast. Rate of development was not closely related to average pure-tone thresholds.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID