ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The tremendous progress of pediatric-audiology during the past 30 years is reviewed. Early identification of infants with impaired hearing is based on a high-risk register, screening behaviorally and/or brain stem audiometry. Since many hearing losses have a late onset, it is important to cooperate closely with pediatricians and well-baby clinics. To stimulate their interest in detection, use of a calibrated 3000 Hz warble tone instrument is suggested. Diagnostic tests for infants involve respiration, behavioral patterns, middle ear impedance, and brain stem audiometry. For young children, tangible reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry (TROCA), visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), and play audiometry are the methods of choice. Due to medical progress, many of the high-risk factors have been ameliorated. Assessment of amplification for hearing impaired children is as sophisticated as for adults. The advantage of basing fitting procedures on functional gain is emphasized. Future goals in pediatric audiology are touched upon. Today, pediatric audiology has emerged from a mysterious beginning to a systematic clinical specialization.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The level of maturation of the auditory system markedly affects the results of all forms of infant hearing screening. The same test repeated in two weeks may yield significantly different results. The paper reviews some of the maturational changes which occur, considers male/female differences, and offers some normative developmental information about the preterm infant.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper endeavors to answer three closely related questions:What motor behavior displayed by an infant may be considered to be a response to acoustic stimulation?What acoustic phenomena elicit such behavior?Does responsiveness vary with postconceptual age?Review of our work over the past decade reveals that we know the answers to the first two questions, but not the third. Briefly, arousal responses (eye and limb movements) are reliably elicited by wideband signals but not by narrowband signals. However, there is still confusion about whether preterm infants are more or less responsive than full term infants.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study evaluated the Crib-O-Gram as a screening test for hearing loss in NICU infants using Brain Stem Electric Response Audiometry (BERA) as the standard. Two Crib-O-Gram tests were administered to 280 babies within 48 hours of BERA testing. An additional 26 babies revceived BERA and one Crib-O-Gram test. Correlation coefficients for the two Crib-O-Gram scalar scores were calculated separately for a group of preterm (31 to 37 weeks) and a group of full term and older (38 to 54 weeks) infants, with values of 0.36 and 0.52, respectively. This indicates that the Crib-O-Gram has poor reliability for a screening test, particularly for preterm babies. Approximately one-third of babies with normal BERA thresholds failed Crib-O-Gram screening. The identification of hearing loss by Crib-O-Gram increased with the severity of the loss. Crib-O-Gram was able to identify moderately severe hearing losses in full term and older babies.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Reviews the age of diagnosis and some of the philosophical arguments for and against newborn screening. Report results of a survey of parents on the question of early identification and interference with mother/child bonding. Finally, the paper reviews linguistic methods taught in Great Britain and presents data illustrating the advantage of an auditory/oral approach.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Total communication provides an opportunity for very young children to receive training through both visual and auditory systems. Most children with severe hearing loss have auditory discrimination/perceptual problems in addition to a loss of hearing sensitivity. Because sophisticated assessment of auditory perceptual problems is not yet possible in hearing impaired infants, total communication provides immediate and consistent language input regardless of eventual determination of auditory perceptual skills. An illustration of a total communication program is provided.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cued Speech is a system which utilizes eight hand configurations and four locations of either hand for supplementing the visible manifestations of normal speech in such a way as to effectively eliminate the ambiguities of lipreading. Its effects upon language development and oral communication skills, supported by research data, suggest that it is a useful technique for inclusion in the array of tools available for use with young, hearing-impaired children. Use of diagnostic teaching, in addition to audiometric and other evaluations, is recommended for evaluation of conditions which suggest or discourage the choice of Cued Speech as a communication modality. Children are exposed to diagnostic teaching sequences in a progression which begins with auditory-only, then auditory/oral, then auditory/oral/cued speech, and finally (in some cases), manually coded English. In each stage, data should be collected on significant reactions and behavior for use in recommending a choice of communication mode.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The educators of the deaf, the audiologists, and other similar professional groups appear to have reasonably clearly delineated roles to play in the management of the hearing-impaired child. Not so with the speech-language pathologist. This paper specifies such a role and offers a model for the delivery of speech-language pathology services to the hearing-impaired infant.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID