摘要:

AbstractTo test the prediction that the breeding success of captive cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus (o.) oedipus) could be improved by maintaining them in groups whose size and age‐sex composition resembled those of wild groups, data were collated from 6.5 years of records from a breeding colony that otherwise had housing and husbandry procedures similar to those of other successful colonies. Group size and composition in the colony closely resembled those of wild groups, and infant survival was the highest yet reported for the species, with 69% of the 124 infants born reared by their parents to adulthood, and a mean surviving litter size of 1.5 infants. Abortion, stillbirth, and parental neglect of infants were rare. Parity had several effects on reproduction: mean litter size decreased, but percentage infant survival increased; interbirth intervals decreased in length; and seasonality in reproduction was more pronounced for the first four litters born to breeding females than for their subsequent litters, with a birth peak in the spring. Although a spacious and complex physical environment, retention of offspring in their natal families until experience of several sets of infant siblings had been obtained, and non‐invasive husbandry and research techniques may all have contributed to the colony's success, it seems possible that the improvement over other colonies is due to the resemblance of group composition to those of wild tam

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComputerized colony records were used to identify dams and sires whose reproductive histories while breeding in harem groups indicated high or low risk for producing fetal deaths. The monkeys were then singly caged and bred within and between risk conditions during 24‐ to 72‐hour matings. Although the low‐ and high‐risk sires did not differ in ability to achieve conceptions, the results revealed that reproductive history predicted subsequent fetal death rates, and sires made a substantial contribution. Overall, high‐risk sires had a 4.86 times higher relative risk of producing fetal death than low‐risk sires. Compared with this figure, high‐risk dams had only a 2.64 times higher risk for fetal death than low‐risk dams. The male effect was most evident in comparisons of between‐ and within‐risk matings. Females with excellent reproductive histories experienced a threefold increase in fetal deaths when mated with high‐risk males, whereas females with poor reproductive histories experienced almost a 50% reduction in fetal deaths when mated with low‐risk males. The results show that male factors beyond fertility need to be considered when examining the causes of reproductive fail

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence of clinical treatment in a large colony of pigtailed macaques (Macaca, nemestrina) was studied retrospectively to assess the effectiveness of three sequential housing and management protocols. In the initial standard protocol, groups were housed in single rooms, with each room occupied by a different group after daily cleaning. In the experimental protocol, animals were housed in two‐room suites dedicated exclusively to the resident group. This protocol was meant to reduce enteritis due to communication ofShigella flexneriacross groups. Isolation of groups was coupled with the doubling of available space in an attempt to reduce stress. Under a final compromise protocol, a two‐room suite was dedicated to each group, but the group occupied only one room at a time. The compromise protocol maximized isolation and reduced the available space to the level under the standard protocol. Thus, the study involved two main factors, the degree of group isolation and the amount and configuration of physical space available to each group. Under the experimental conditions enteritis increased, other communicable diseases did not decrease, and trauma from fighting increased by over 45% even though more space was available. Under the compromise conditions, trauma, enteritis, respiratory disorders, and inflammation all decreased markedly. Behavioral studies identified beneficial social behavior patterns associated with spatial reduction as the basis of the decrease in aggression, trauma, and disease under the compromise conditi

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from normal vervet monkeys(Cercopithecus aethiops)were examined for blastogenic responses to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The mitogen stimulated PBM in a dose‐dependent manner. Response to ConA was apparently higher than for the other two mitogens. Cell density and mitogen concentration were critical parameters for optimal lymphocyte proliferation, an observation in line with that reported for other mammalian species. Depletion of an adherent cell population probably of monocyte/macrophage lineage from vervet PBM gave higher proliferative responses to both ConA and PHA, but the response without adherent cells to ConA was greater than the response without adherent cells to PHA. This latter finding is in contrast to what has been reported in many other specie

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData are presented on group size, composition, and reproduction of several hoolock gibbon groups studied in different areas of Assam, India, between 1986 and 1988. Presence of fewer young than reported in earlier studies signals a grim future for these gibbons unless strict conservation measures are undertaken.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDental microwear features on the labial surfaces of maxillary central incisors of wild‐shot museum specimens ofCebus olivaceus(n = 11) andAlouatta seniculus(n = 7) were examined at 200 × by polarized light microscopy. While wear scratch orientation patterns do not differ between the two samples,Cebushas a significantly higher density of wear features, and displays scratches that extend further cervically. Preliminary observations (n = 50 hours) on anterior tooth use in these species at Hato Masaguaral, in the Llanos of Venezuela, provide suggestions regarding how foraging patterns reported in the literature relate to these microwear differences.Cebususes its front teeth more frequently in the manipulation of a greater variety of objects than doesAlouat

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation assesses the percentage of time that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are kept occupied by a more complex cage environment. Sixty animals were continuously exposed for at least 1.5 years to a compatible companion for social interaction, a suspended plastic pipe for perching, and a branch segment for gnawing. The behavior of the partners of each pair was recorded for 60 minutes when the animals were not distracted by human activities. Individuals spent an average of 23.5% of the time interacting with the companion, but only 10.4% with the plastic pipe and 4.8% with the branch segment. Differences were statistically significant. Females were socially more active than males. Subadult animals (3.5–4 years) used both inanimate objects significantly more than did adult animals (9–30 years). It was concluded that (1) a compatible companion, a suspended plastic pipe, and a loose branch segment remain effective stimuli for caged rhesus monkeys after more than 1 year of exposure and (2) a compatible companion is of greater stimulatory value–particularly for adults–than are inanimate

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350200101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY