摘要:

AbstractThe menstrual cycles of 17 multiparous vervet monkeys were studied. Based on estradiol, progesterone, and LH profiles, ovulation is predicted to occur on day 13 of the 32.4‐day menstrual cycle. Estradiol peaked on the day preceding the LH peak in 75% of cycles. Average luteal phase length (progesterone greater than 4 nmol/l) was 18 days, with progesterone rising above 4 nmol/l on the day of the LH peak. Vaginal cytology and perianal skin coloration exhibited too much within‐ and among‐animal variability to be reliable indicators of menstrual cycle stages. Uterine biopsies of the proliferative phase were characterized by mild pseudostratification of the columnar epithelium and absence of glandular secretion; in contrast, those of the luteal phase had marked pseudostratification of the tall columnar epithelium with glandular secretions in the lumen. A few follicular‐phase samples contained structures such as tortuous uterine glands with secretions. Such structures are more characteristic of the luteal phase. It is suggested that their presence can be explained by incomplete sloughing of the endometrium at menstruation, as this is known to be light or convert in this

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe locomotor development of three vervet infants across approximately the first 2 months of life is described. Fairly normal‐looking walking movements (as compared to adults) were seen in all the animals by approximately 1 month of age and galloping was observed by 2 months. Early locomotor footfall patterns were often aberrant and bounding‐type gaits were sometimes exhibited. Most of the symmetrical gaits observed were classifiable as lateral sequence. Across the 2‐month period the animals showed decreased three‐ and four‐foot support and improvements in joint angular displacement patterns. From their earliest locomotor movements the infants showed significant linear relationship between both cycle duration and swing and stance durations of the limbs. We suggest that locomotor control mechanisms are probably fairly mature at birth but that weight support and postural control problems explain the initial locomotor difficulties exhibited by thes

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA census and preliminary observations on the ranging and feeding behavior ofGalago senegalensiswere made in a savannah‐woodland site in Kenya. Population densities in three slightly different habitats were all approximately 1.5 animals/ha. Ranging patterns suggested the existence of territorial behavior. The diet of the galagos was exclusively insects and gums of two species ofAcacia. The gum ofA. drepanolobiumappeared to be preferred to that ofA. xanthophloea. The chemistry of the gums suggests that this preference is not due simply to the total level of phenolics or to avoidance of condensed tannins but may relate to the presence of compounds (e. g., flavonoids) having nutritional or hormonelike actio

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlay by young squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) may put them and other troop members at risk for predation because youngsters are noisy, separated from adults, and not vigilant when at play. In a study using separated groups of adults and 1‐year‐old juveniles caged outdoors, we found that adult female squirrel monkeys become more vigilant during periods of spontaneous play among juveniles. This behavioral response could be obtained with auditory cues (play vocalizations) alone. Five times as much vigilance activity was directed toward an area from which threat or disturbance was likely to come as was directed toward the juveniles themselves. These results suggest both an adaptive, compensatory increase in adult vigilance during play and a function for play vocalizations. Additional functions for play vocalizations remain to be investiga

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe goals of this review are to classify the patterns of copulatory behavior displayed by various species of primates, to compare them to the patterns of nonprimate mammalian species, and to search for correlates of the various patterns. Copulatory patterns are classified in relation to the presence or absence of four defining attributes: a lock, thrusting during intromissions, multiple intromissions, and multiple ejaculations. Literature on copulation in 67 primate species is reviewed, and a tentative classification is proposed for 33 primate species. Although neither social organization nor genital morphology provides a fully satisfactory relationship, there are indications that variations in copulatory behavior are related to variations in genital morphology.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes the concentrations of melatonin in plasma samples taken from marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) every 4 h over three 24‐h periods. A circadian pattern of secretion was apparent, with higher levels recorded at night (20.00–08.00 h) than during the day (08.00–20.00 h) and a peak concentration at 20.00 h. There was a significant difference in the mean day and night concentrations (32.5 ± 4.5 pg/ml versus 49.0 ± 6.9 pg/ml, respectively) with individual concentrations ranging between<10–60 pg/ml in the day and 15–200 pg/ml at night. Circadian plasma melatonin concentrations were similar over the three 24‐h periods, in male (n = 3) and female (n = 3) monkeys, and in dominant (cyclic, n = 5) and subordinate (acyclic, n = 4) females. The results show a less pronounced circadian profile in the marmoset than is seen in the human but a similar profile to that in the seasonally breeding

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring a preliminary study of pig‐tailed langurs (Simias concolor) in the Pagai Islands, Indonesia, it was discovered that females exhibited conspicuous swelling of the urogenital triangle. The pig‐tailed langur is the first Asiatic colobine found to have prominent sexual swellings and the only colobine with sexual swellings that lives in one‐male groups. Because all anthropoids with conspicuous sex skin typically live in groups having female‐biased adult sex ratios, it is possible that females might compete amongst themselves forthemale in one‐male groups, or the best males in multimale groups. Sexual swellings may therefore have resulted from sexual selection for signals attractive to males in female‐female competition, as suggested earlier by Bercovitch (California Anthropologist 8:9–12, 1978). Prolonged observation of recognizable individuals will be required to test this hypothesis in the pig‐tailed langur an

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that estradiol‐17β (E2) administered in vivo induces atresia of the dominant ovarian follicle (DF). Whether this effect is exerted directly at the ovarian level or by central mediation has not been confirmed. The present study was designed to assess whether E2in amounts similar to those found in monkey follicular fluid (FF) directly alters in vitro progesterone (P) accumulation by granulosa cells (GC) aspirated from follicles in cycling rhesus monkeys. Follicular contents were aspirated from three to five animals on each of days 8–13 of the cycle. GC were plated at a density of 50,000 viable GC/0.5 ml medium; GC were incubated with 0 or 2–2,000 ng/ml E2, and cultures were maintained for 72 h. P accumulation by GC collected on day 8 and treated with 2 ng/ml E2was augmented 37.5 ± 5.5% (X± S. E. M.;P<.05) over controls but was diminished significantly at 20 ng/ml ( −55 ± 18% with respect to controls), 200 ng/ml ( −73.7 ± 13.2%), and 2,000 ng/ml ( −77.3 ± 18.4%). A similar dose‐response relationship was noted on other cycle days. At a concentration of 2,000 ng/ml, E2significantly reduced P 91.5 ± 8.5% (day 10), 81.5 ± 18.5% (day 11), 84.3 ± 4.7% (day 12), and 53.7 ± 15.8% (day 13). We conclude that E2at concentrations found in FF can inhibit P output by monkey GC

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKnowledge of periparturitional behaviors in captive primates may contribute to infant survival and is particularly important for endangered species, such as the bonobo, or pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus). Given that the bonobo is considered to be closely related to humans, such knowledge also may offer insights about the evolutionary development of complex maternal patterns. To date, however, only one observation of aP. paniscusbirth has been reported. The periparturitional behaviors of a mature bonobo (P. paniscus) female during the pregnancy and birth of two infants are described in detail. Information not previously reported for the species is included. Periparturitional behaviors were similar for both births.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY