摘要:

AbstractDescriptive and quantitative observations were made of wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio) at a regularly used sleeping tree (Ceiba pentandra) in Senegal. Observations concentrated on the transition from darkness before sunrise until the baboons had left the tree. Behavior at sleeping sites is affected by a variety of social and nonsocial factors. Sleeping postures were adjusted during the night and to suit weather conditions. The baboons began to leave the tree earlier before sunrise in the dry season, especially on moonlit mornings. This might reflect increased foraging demands in the dry season. Sleeping parties were larger in the wet season, the difference being mainly due to juveniles. Huddling in the sleeping tree was little affected by weather conditions. The most common sleeping huddles consisted of adult females and young; huddles rarely contained more than one adult male. Although the sleeping tree was a safe refuge from leopards, the first baboon to leave the tree in the morning was usually an adult male. It has been hypothesized that the buildup of intestinal parasites in feces below sleeping trees influences the use of the trees by baboons; this did not occur here.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe developmental stages of 12Erythrocebus patasembryos, ranging in gestational age from 30 to 50 days, is described. The pattern of embryogenesis inE. patasclosely parallels the anatomic characteristics of human and other nonhuman primate embryos between stages 12 and 23. However, there is a delay in development inE. patassimilar to that observed in human embryos which differs from the macaques and baboons. This temporal difference in the embryonic period is an important factor in the design and analysis of early pregnancy studies in this species.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAmniotic fluid volume (AFV) and amniotic fluid ingestion rate (or fetal swallowing rate, FSR) were estimated by inulin and para‐aminohippurate (PAH) dilution in 14 normal baboon pregnancies. Mean (± SE) AFV was significantly lower at 137–140 days of pregnancy (preterm) than at 173–178 days (term) (inulin: 326 ± 22.9 ml vs 483 ± 55.9 ml, P = 0.014; PHA:269 ± 39.4 ml vs 471 ± 39.4 ml, P = 0.002). In proportion to fetal weight, however, mean AFV was similar throughout the third trimester of pregnancy (inulin: 582 ± 40.9 ml/kg; PAH: 541 ± 39.8 ml/kg). Mean FSR was lower in preterm than in term animals when estimated by inulin dilution (587 ± 55.5 ml/day vs 784 ± 55.0 ml/day, P = 0.030) but not when estimated by PAH dilution (753 ± 65.7 ml/day vs 625 ± 50.6 ml/day). In proportion to their weights, however, preterm fetuses swallowed amniotic fluid more rapidly than term fetuses (inulin: 1,216 ± 117.6 ml/kg/day vs 840 ± 67.5 ml/kg/day, P = 0.025; PAH: 1,561 ± 142.9 ml/kg/day vs 682 ± 62.7 ml/kg/day, P<0.001). Furthermore, our data suggest that the commonly accepted technique for estimating AFV may be based on inaccurate premises, that insulin may be a better marker than PAH to estimate AFV and FSR, and that needle aspiration of amniotic fluid does not appear to be an adequate technique to validate chemical dilution methods. Our data, however, provide estimates which indicate that the baboon is an appropriate animal model in which to seek refinements and validati

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fetotoxic and teratogenic potential of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was tested through oral administration to monkeys early in pregnancy. A single or divided dose, 1 μg of TCDD/kg of body weight, was followed by abortion in 13 of 16 pregnant monkeys treated between days 20 and 40 of gestation. One of four aborted at 0.2 μg/kg, and two of two at 5 μg/kg. None of the mothers given 0.2 μg/kg showed signs of toxicity. Eight of the monkeys aborting at 1 μg/kg showed clinical toxicity 44 to 111 days after aborting, and three died. Both given 5 μg/kg became toxic soon after abortion and died. No malformations except for two minor palatal abnormalities of questionable significance were found in the six fetuses that were not aborted at doses of 0.2 and 1.0 μg/kg. These results indicate (1) that TCDD is fetotoxic at doses that frequently have delayed toxicity to the mother, but that conclusions about teratogenicity cannot be drawn, and (2) that pregnant rhesus females are more sensitive to the toxic effects of TCDD than any species tested but th

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn immature crab‐eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), which was sitting on the river bank near the Orangutan Research and Conservation Project base camp in the Tanjung Puting Reserve, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, was seized by a crocodile which rapidly emerged from the water and then resubmerged with the monkey in its jaws. As crocodile populations are in a decline throughout Borneo, crocodile predation on crab‐eating macaques was probably more frequent in the past. This predation may have influenced development of some behaviors with an antipredator function inM. fascicula

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY