摘要:

This article examines the increasing incidence of kidnapping in the Philippines between 1991 to 1993. The context of the kidnappings is analysed to demonstrate why they constituted a crisis. The incidence of the crime is investigated with particular reference to who was being kidnapped and to regional variations, theories and facts about the alleged perpetrators being delineated before outlining the various ways in which official agencies, non‐governmental organizations and individuals have responded to the crisis. The article concludes with some observations on the possibilities and problems of managing successful responses to such crise

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Disaster researchers contrast ‘social control’ and ‘social mobilization’ models of disaster response. Their perspectives suggest that the social mobilization model yields more rational resource allocation implications than the former model. Nevertheless, scholars and professionals have experienced only partial success worldwide in changing actual emergency management organizational approaches. An explanation may reside in the similarity of these models with a pair of deeply seated ideological viewpoints. ‘Left’ and ‘right’ belief systems are elaborated here, compared with the two disaster response models, and found to be consonant with those models in the dir

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Responses to emergencies are typically based on contingency plans. However, unexpected events can occur during the operation that affect safety and/or effectiveness of the activated response plan. Latest advances in communications and information technology can collect and transfer a large amount of data to the on‐scene commander in real‐time. The commander can then assess the potential impact of such events and decide if and how to revise the planned course of action to maintain safety and efficiency of the operation.This paper proposes a new paradigm for real‐time decision support for emergency response ‐ operational risk management. Emergency response is modelled as a large‐scale operational system, including a human‐machine real‐time controller. The decision model is based on a topological graph structure, where the nodes are decisions and the arcs the activities. The attributes of the activities are expressed as ordinal preference values. The optimal course of action is the sequence of activities with the highest preference for resolving the emergency situation. The implementation of the decision model into a prototype decision support system

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article some ‘megaphenomena’ of our times are de cribed; they include man's conflict with nature, the end of the industrial era and the globalization process. These changes are creating chaos as well as a coherence or sustainability at the same time. It is maintained that real development in society and in culture needs the special form of deterministic order called chaos; often needed to establish something new. Turbulent times are changing values, especially the idea of progress. Instead of dominant Western ideas of linear or exponential progress, it is suggested that an evolutionary perspective for describing societal development is needed. Some preliminary hypotheses of the elements of this perspective are presented, including the principles of self‐organization, non‐linearity, dynamic systems and emergent properties in the development of societal

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The history of ‘regulation by crisis’ in the British stadia safety industry has failed to prevent successive disasters and continued near misses. To reduce the risks, there is a need to better understand why the mistakes and misunderstandings leading to such incidents actually occur. Such understanding can be informed by applying cultural theory, a method of cultural classification using ‘grid/group’ analysis and derived from social anthropology. This paper uses cultural theory to analyze ethnography from, and literature relating to, public safety risk management and British stadia disasters. The analysis reveals the conflicting risk perceptions of individualist/entrepreneurial clubs, hierarchical regulators, long‐suffering fatalist spectators and their more egalitarian colleagues in supporter and local resident pressure groups. These perceptions are narrow and biased. At a strategic level, there is a need for each constituency to acknowledge the validity of the others' points of view. Increased awareness is a key to disaster prevention. The conclusions drawn should be applicable to wider crisis scenarios where a multiplicity of organisations are

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Power, Poverty and Poison: Disaster and Response in an Indian City, James Manor, Sage Publications, New Delhi (1993), 197 pp.Bhopal: Anatomy of a Crisis (second edition), Paul Shrivastava, Paul Chapman, London (1992), 169 pp.

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Terrorism: A Reference Handbook, Stephen Atkins, Santa Barbara, ABC‐CLIO (1992), 199 pp.Terrorism: Roots, Impact, Responses, Lawrence Howard (Ed.), Prager, New York (1992), 193 pp.Hostage‐Taking Terrorism: Incident Response Strategy, Alastair MacWillson, St Martins, New York (1992), 263

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books Reviewed in this Articles:Beyond Terrorism: The Development of the Australian Security State, Jenny Hocking, Allen and Unwin, Sydney (1993), 236 pp.

ISSN:0966-0879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY