ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The monitoring of the pH of the interstitial tissue fluid (tpH) has been reported to be of prognostic and diagnostic value in the surgical patient, in open heart surgery, and in pediatric surgery. Recent technical advances in pH probe and electronic design have made it practical to monitor the tissue pH in the fetus, newborn and adult. TpH measurements reflect the immediate cellular environment, and they are sensitive to decreases in local perfusion. Therefore, tpH may be different from Arterial pH (ApH) if there is a local disturbance of metabolism or flow. The use of tpH to monitor continuously the fetus during labor has been shown to be accurate and reliable, but this application is presently limited to research centers. Neonatal and adult tpH monitoring provides not only ApH, but the ApH-tpH gap provides clinically useful prognostic and therapeutic information. In neonates, tpH provides the earliest and most reliable measure of shock. The tpH is a practical and safe method for continuously monitoring pH, and it provides new and useful information for the care of the critically ill patient.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The partial pressure of CO2may be measured continuously and noninvasively by directly heated pCO2sensors applied to the surface of the skin. Arterial pCO2may be estimated using the cutaneous pCO2sensor heated to 44°C. Further studies are necessary to define the optimum sensor temperature and to establish correction factors which take into account the increase of the cutaneous pCO2level due to the application of heat.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A review of transcutaneous, or skin surface, PO2monitoring is presented. The design, calibration and principle of operation of the PtcO2sensor are discussed. Clinical results using the heated PtcO2sensor are presented that verify the clinical usefulness of the device for monitoring trends in arterial PaO2non-invasively and on a continuous basis. Monitoring of local perfusion with the PtcO2sensor is also discussed.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the United States, all medical devices are regulated by theBureau of Medical Devices, a branch of theFood and Drug Administration.This article presents an overview of theMedical Device Amendments of 1976, and pertinent regulations that affect all medical device manufacturers and users.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This four-part series presents guidelines for: electrically isolated inputs and outputs; measuring the performance of hospital biomedical engineering programs; evaluating the risk of electric shock in hospitals; and for isolated power in anesthetizing locations. Parts I and II, covering the first two topics above, were published in the Oct.-Dec. 1980 issue of this Journal.Part III constitutes an attempt to place the risk of electric shock in hospitals in a quantitative perspective. Arguments are presented that indicate that electrical safety precautions usually take up a larger share of the hospital's biomedical equipment safety budget than is justified by the actual hazard levels.Part IV reviews the need for isolated power in anesthetizing locations. Three independently proposed revisions to the 1973 edition of NFPA Standard 56A would have significantly simplified the safety requirements for hospital anesthetizing locations (a) by reducing the area in flammable locations classified as hazardous to the internationally accepted “zone of risk,” and (b) by permitting the use of conventional electrical power rather than isolated power in locations where the risk of electrical accidents can be shown to be no greater than it is in other areas of the hospital. Despite extensive technical testimony supported with substantial supporting documentation, the revisions were vetoed by the Technical Committee after they were voted into the document by a floor vote of the general membership attending the NFPA Annual Meeting in Anaheim in 1978. The chronology of the major events surrounding the subsequent appeal of this veto is traced back to 1974, and an analysis is presented of what are considered to be shortcomings in the NFPA appeals process revealed by this particular case history.

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0363-8855    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID