ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Progress in package‐dyeing yarn during the past ten years has been rapid, both in the total weight of yarn dyed, the types of fibre being dyed, and particularly in the design of dyeing machines and to a lesser extent in dyeing techniques. Polyester filament yarn is of great importance, but there have been significant developments in dyeing high‐bulk acrylic yarns. In machinery developments, the outstanding features are in the rate of flow of liquor, and the frequency with which the liquor is circulated. New techniques have been developed to take advantage of these mechanical features, so that dyeing can be commenced at 135°C and the liquor dropped at this temperature, thus minimizing oligomer problems with polyester yarn. Many new disperse dyes of high sublimination fastness on polyester fibre have been introduced and these take full advantage of the new machinery and dyeing techniques.Another factor leading to wider use of package dyeing has been the need for shorter manufacturing cycles in the production of coloured yarn, particularly for woven fabrics. Worsted yarn, which would normally have been spun from dyed top is now being package dyed on a large scale.With spun yarns, the advantages of dyeing acrylic yarn in muff form have led to the rapid growth of this method of dy

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper was presented at the Sixth International Colour Symposium, FreudenstaJt, Germany, September 27 October 1, 1976.Dyes, and by extension the various organic compounds used for coloration, including organic pigments and fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs)†, are among the organic chemicals which we encounter as technological and functional necessities in nearly every sphere of our daily lives. They also greatly influence our mood and thus contribute enormously to the very quality of the lives we lead. At the same time we have come to realize that our achievements and continuing technological progress are only worthwhile provided they pose no hazard to the environment. Tremendous efforts have been undertaken on a worldwide scale to identify, measure, evaluate, and eliminate the undesirable effects of chemicals and hence dyes, on man and the environment. The present paper deals in particular with the environmental problems associated with the manufacture and use of dyes, problems so complex and so varied in impact that only a discerning appraisal can put them into proper perspective. An attempt is made to define and evaluate these problems and to show, with reference to selected examples, what measures have been and are being implemented to overcome them. Various aspects of the relevant legal regulations, the obligation on manufacturers to take due care in their operations, and product liability are touched upon. It is certain that a good deal of creative, interdisciplinary effort and meticulous attention to minor detail will be necessary to master existing and future environmental problems in this area. That is the challenge facing all scientists engaged in colour chemistr

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If it is possible to summarize a summary or review of this nature, then the author is trying to indicate that the plasties industry has settled down from its early turbulent upsurge after World War II and is in a period of steady and sustained growth with its technology well mapped out. Alterations in the range of colorants to cater for it are proceeding though with minor improvements in stability as the goal. The major changes may come about in the methods of colouring and in factory conditions, this being partly stimulated by change of attitude towards health and safety at work; the way in which these changes can happen is now reasonably clear and there should he optimism that the next decade will produce many of the improvements which can currently be seen to be needed.

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0557-9325    

DOI:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY