ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To evaluate the relationships between changes in muscle morphology and metabolic adaptation to physical training in obesity, twenty obese women were subjected to a physical training pro‐gramme with three sessions a week for 3 months. Physical training resulted in lowering of plasma insulin and improved glucose tolerance. Neither body weight nor body fat changed. With physical training the percentage distribution of fast twitch oxidative (FTa) muscle fibres (m vastus lateralis) increased (from 30.3±5.1% to 35.2±4.8%,P<0.05) and that of fast twitch glycolytic fibres decreased (from 18.3±6.6 to 5.8±4.8%,P<0.05). The number of capillaries increased, mainly around slow twitch (ST) fibres (from 4.5±0.6 to 5.8±0.8,P<0.01) and fast twitch oxidative (FTa) fibres (from 3.9±0.7 to 4.7±0.8,P<0.01). The activities of oxidative enzymes (cytochrome‐c‐oxidase and citrate synthase) increased (P<0.05) while those of glycolytic enzymes (phosphofructokinase and hexokinase) decreased after physical training (P<0.01).Significant negative correlations between plasma insulin and number of capillaries in contact with ST fibres (r=0.80,P<0.001) and FTafibres (r= 0.62,P<0.001) were found before training. The capillary density around those fibres could predict 80% of the explained variance of plasma insulin levels (P<0.001). The changes of glucose concentration after training could be predicted by observed changes in enzyme activities. The strong associations between muscle morphology and capillarization and enzyme activities and glucose and insulin concentrations and their changes after training suggest an important regulatory role of muscle which warrants fu

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The 24 h urinary excretions of prostaglandins E2(E2/d) and F2α (F2α/d) were measured in twenty‐five normal subjects and in thirty‐five patients with essential hypertension [seventeen with low renin (LRH) and eighteen with normal renin (NRH) hypertension].E2/d was lower in patients with LRH than in normal subjects (P<0.01), whereas no difference was found between patients with NRH and the controls. F2α/d was similar in patients with LRH and in the normal subjects, but was significantly greater in patients with NRH (P<0.02). The ratio of prostaglandin E2to prostaglandin F2α was decreased in hypertensive patients (P<0.02), although in the NRH subgroup the difference was not statistically significant.It appears that LRH is associated with impaired production of prostaglandin E2, while a deranged relationship between the two prostaglandins exists in all the patients with essential hypertension. These changes in prostaglandin production could possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, by increasing renal vascular resistance and decreasing sodium excretion. Alternatively, they might be a secondary phenomenon, reflecting changes in renal prostaglandin metabolism induced by the hypertensiv

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Alpha‐naphthyl‐isothiocyanate (ANIT)‐induced intrahepatic cholangitis was associated with significant polyuria in rats. The urine output in the experimental rats was about two and a half to four fold higher than that in the controls. The polyuria was accompanied by polydypsia and disappeared when water intake was limited and controlled. The glomerular filtration rate and renal histology remained intact. Dilution and concentration capacities were preserved and the response to exogenous anti‐diuretic hormone was intact. Following water deprivation, the water and electrolyte contents of the renal medulla and papilla were similar in both experimental and control rats. The excretion of a salt‐load in ANIT‐treated rats was delayed. It is concluded that the polyuria in ANIT‐treated rats is secondary to polydypsia. The finding of preserved dilution and concentration capacities in this experimental model contrasts to that in other experimental models of hepatobi

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Using the 21 F 01 DISA Mictiograph, the instant urine flow curves of fifty normal males and thirty‐three females (aged from 18 to 35 years) were analysed. A total of 363 micturitions was obtained (146 in the female group, 217 in the male group). Ten parameters were derived from each of the urine flow curves. These parameters were: the voided volume, the micturition time, the average‐flow rate, the flow at 2 s, the maximum flow‐rate, the percentage of difference between the maximum flow rate and the average‐flow rate, the duration until the maximum flow rate, the initial slope of the curve, the slope at the time from micturition initiation of voiding to maximum flow, and the difference between the two slopes. This study demonstrated that the urine flowmeter allowed, even at very low voided volume, a complete interpretation of micturition flow curves, a finding which might be useful in paediatric patients. It was also shown that the flow parameters were significantly more favourable in females than in males, and consequently that better hydrodynamics conditions for micturition exist in women compared

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Peripheral white and red blood cell changes were studied in response to acute insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in six normal, six splenectomized and five sympathectomized (tetraplegic) subjects. The normal subjects were restudied during beta (propranolol) and beta1‐selective (metoprolol) adrenergic blockade.In the normal subjects a lymphocytosis immediately followed the acute hypoglycaemic reaction (R) with a neutrophilia 2 h later. The early lymphocytosis was absent in sympathectomized subjects (P<0.01) and reduced under beta blockade (P<0.02) in normal subjects, indicating mediation via an adrenergic mechanism. The later neutrophilia from R + 60 min was not abolished by adrenergic blockade or preceding sympathectomy; the enhanced response with propranolol was associated with an elevated plasma Cortisol.Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count rose maximally at R in all groups except the sympathectomized subjects in whom all parameters declined progressively from basal values. These peripheral erythrocyte changes appear to be mediated via an adrenergic mechanism which is unaffected by beta adrenergic blockade and which does not involve splenic contract

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Proximal muscular weakness is a feature of many metabolic bone diseases but is not well recognized in spinal osteoporosis. Thirty‐six post‐menopausal women presenting with back pain, with or without osteoporosis, were therefore studied in order to define the relationship between abnormal electromyographic findings and disturbed vitamin D metabolism, as both low plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations and malabsorption of calcium have been reported in osteoporosis.Patients with abnormal electromyograms had lower concentrations of plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (mean 78.3 pmol/1, SD 20.5,n=15) than normal subjects of similar age (mean 110.4 pmol/1, SD 39.4,n= 21;P<0.01), but electromyographic abnormality was not associated with changes in radiocalcium absorption, plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin D, plasma calcium or phosphate or urinary calcium or hydroxyproline excretion or impaired renal function. There was no relationship between abnormal electromyography and osteroporosis assessed by spinal radiographs and iliac crest biopsy.These findings are consistent with our previous suggestion that muscle weakness in many unrelated bone disorders is related to low plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations, but suggest that there is no relationship between proximal myopathy and spinal osteoporosis in post‐menopausal

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effects of ethanol on blood rheology were studied in twelve healthy male volunteers each serving as his own control. They drank 1.5 g (33 mmol) of ethanol per kg body weight in fruit juice over 2.5 h under controlled laboratory conditions. Blood and plasma viscosity, packed cell volume and erythrocyte flexibility were measured before and 3, 12 and 16 h after ethanol ingestion began, and again during a second session equal volumes of fruit juice were consumed. Packed cell volume varied similarly after ingestion of juice with or without ethanol. Blood viscosity remained almost unchanged after ethanol, while drinking of juice caused an initial decrease followed by a significant (P<0.05) increase from 4.04 (SEM 0.06) to 4.32 (SEM 0.18) mPa.s. The juice also caused more significant fluctuations in erythrocyte rigidity (whole blood) than ethanol, which had parallel but insignificant effects. We conclude that a blood ethanol concentration of 28 mmol 1‐1failed to induce any marked changes in blood rheolog

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The principle organelle marker enzymes and various adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were studied in human skeletal muscle. The reproducibility of each assay was established under optimal and linear assay conditions.Whole homogenates of normal human quadriceps muscle were fractionated by centrifugation on a continuous sucrose density gradient. Gradient fractions were assayed for organelle marker enzymes and frequency‐density histograms were constructed for each enzyme. Good resolution of the principal organelles was obtained.Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was assayed under conditions of maximal stimulation by Ca2+, or Mg2+or Na2+, K++ Mg2+. The distribution of these activities was compared with those of the organelle marker enzymes. Both Ca2+‐ATPase and Mg2+‐ATPase were distributed to both the mitochondrial and myofibrillar fractions but could be distinguished by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase with sodium azide. The distribution of Na+, K+‐activated, Mg2+‐dependent ATPase (Na+, K+ATPase) activity suggested a sarcolemmal localization.The results of electron microscopy of gradient fractions were consistent with the organelle content of the fractions as determined by enzymic analyses. These studies provide reference information for the subsequent investigation of organelle pathology of human muscle

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY