ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We evaluated whether the increased peripheral insulin sensitivity often reported after physical exercise is generalized or limited to the active musculature. Substrate exchange in leg (previously active) and forearm (previously inactive) were measured by catheterization technique basally and during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (2 mU insulin kg–1BW min–1) in nine healthy men before and 1 day after 3‐h exercise (50%Vo2max). One day after exercise basal glucose uptake was unchanged in the leg, while it was decreased in the forearm (–61%,p<0.01) compared with the pre‐exercise condition. Glucose uptake during hyperinsulinaemia was increased in the leg (+ 31%,p<0.05), but not in the forearm. Basal lactate release by the leg was increased by the exercise, while lactate release by the forearm was decreased, significantly only during the clamp. These results indicate that local and not systemic factors are responsible for the changes in insulin sensitivity observed in the recovery from physical

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Insulin resistance has been reported in normal ageing but discrepancies between such studies may be related to compounding factors such as body composition and exercise patterns. We employed a two‐step hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp to assess peripheral and hepatic tissue insulin sensitivity and glucose recycling in 13 elderly (E) and 14 young (Y) healthy subjects controlling for the above factors. There was no difference in basal hepatic glucose production (E: 2±36 ± 0±06, Y: 2±47 ± 0±1 mg kg–1min–1;P= 0±4). At step 1 (insulin infusion 15mUkg–1h–1) glucose turnover was similar (E: 2±65 ± 0±13, Y: 2±88 ± 0±22 mg kg–1min–1;P= 0±4) but hepatic glucose production was lower in the elderly group (0±20 ± 0±16 vs 0±64 ± 0±10 mg kg–1min–1;P= 0±03). At step 2 (insulin infusion 50 mU kg–1h–1) glucose turnover was similar (E: 7±60 ± 0±24, Y: 8±05 ± 0±34 mg kg–1min–1;P= 0±3) and hepatic glucose production was equal but negative (E: –1±35 ± 0±18, Y: ‐1±34 ± 0±22 mg kg–1min–1;P= 0±9). Glucose recycling did not differ between the groups at any stage. Similar serum insulin levels were achieved in both groups at each step. Decreased glucose tolerance was confirmed in E with a higher 2 h blood glucose after an OGTT (5±3 ± 0±4 vs 4±1 ± 0±3 mmol l–1;P= 0±03) but incremental insulin response was similar (E: 3236 ± 289, Y: 3586 ± 463 mU l–1min–1;P= 0±5). We conclude that changes in hepatic tissue insulin sensitivity do not cause the deterioration in glucose tolerance observed with age. A small reduction in both

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To investigate the role of the autonomic nervous system in changes in blood volume and composition induced by acute hypoglycaemia in man, seven healthy subjects participated in three experiments on separate days: insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia with concomitant α‐adrenoceptor blockade; insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia with total autonomic blockade (α‐adrenoceptor blockade combined with β‐adrenoceptor blockade and atropine); and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia without any autonomic blockade. In the experiments without autonomic blockade the peripheral venous hematocrit increased, plasma volume decreased, intravascular albumin content decreased and the transcapillary escape rate of albumin increased. In both experiments with autonomic blockade the increase in venous haematocrit was abolished, yet plasma volume decreased, intravascular albumin content decreased and the transcapillary escape rate of albumin increased in these experiments. Thus, the changes in plasma volume and composition in response to hypoglycaemia are due to the combined actions of adrenaline

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A group of chronically undernourished labourers underwent a period of controlled supplementary feeding (3.35 MJ per day) over a period of 12 weeks. Thermogenic responses to Noradrenaline (NA) (0.15 μg kg–1fat‐free mass per min) were assessed (1) before supplementation (2) during the 12th week of supplementation and (3) 12–16 weeks following the cessation of supplementation. There were significant changes in anthropometric indices and basal metabolic rates (BMR) during the three stages of the study; however, these were not accompanied by significant changes in the thermogenic responses

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Most studies concerning bone status have been performed in Nordic and Anglo‐Saxon countries and few data are available on southern European populations.We performed a cross‐sectional study on spine and forearm bone mass in 234 healthy Italian women and related the results to age and time since menopause.Forearm bone mass does not decline in premenopausal age, whereas, as far as the spine is concerned, a significant reduction appears 3 years before the mean age of menopause; in both cases, the occurrence of menopause accounted for an accelerated phase of bone loss. In postmenopausal women both spine and forearm bone mass show a stronger correlation with years since menopause than with age. According to a linear exponential model, the rate of spinal bone loss per year since menopause is around 4% in the first 3 years which slows down to around 2% in the 5th year; the corresponding rates of forearm bone loss are 2% and 1.3%, respectiv

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The associations between renal tubular sodium handling and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, renin activity and aldosterone were studied in 295 untreated men under normal living conditions. The renal clearance of ingested lithium was used as a marker of proximal tubular sodium handling.Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was inversely related to creatinine clearance (r=– 0.148,P<0.01) and directly and significantly related to the overall fractional excretion of sodium (r= 0.213,P<0.001) and to distal (r= 0.151,P<0.01) fractional sodium excretion. Plasma renin activity was inversely related to sodium excretion at both proximal (r=– 0.145,P<0.05) and distal (r=–0.236,P<0.001) tubular site, whereas plasma aldosterone was significantly and inversely related to distal sodium excretion only (r=–0.305,P<0.001).The association between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and distal sodium excretion in a large sample of men under normal living conditions supports the view of a possible tubular effect of the hormone for the overall control of sodium excretion

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of long‐term treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been studied in nine end‐stage renal disease patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).RHuEPO was administered subcutaneously twice weekly in rising doses starting with 50 Ukg–1body weight. After 3 months of rHuEPO haemoglobin increased from 77±7 ± 3±2 to 112±7 ± 5±6 g l–1(P<0±03), haematocrit rose from 22±8 ± 1±2 to 30±3 ± 1±7% (P<0±01). A consistent decrease in ferritin concentration was observed during this time (P<0±05). After 12 months of rHuEPO treatment and increased oral iron supplementation the rises of haemoglobin and haematocrit remained stable without other significant haematological changes.The rHuEPO‐induced rise in haematocrit was associated with an increased peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) without change in diuresis and body weight. UF improved from 128 ± 28 ml 4 h–1dwell time to 273 ± 45 ml 4 h–1(P<0±03) within 3 months of rHuEPO treatment, and remained stable during the following study period (month 12: 253 ± 43 ml 4h–1,P<0±05).The rise in UF resulted in improved peritoneal clearances of creatinine, urea, potassium, and phosphate (P<0±05, month 3). No change was observed in serum urea, creatinine, calcium, and potassium. Serum phosphate increased throughout the first 6 months of rHuEPO (P<0±05). No severe adverse effects of rHuEPO treatment could be observed.The present results demonstrate that long‐term subcutaneous administration of rHuEPO is effective in correcting renal anaemia in CAPD patients and may improve dialysis efficiency

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Psoriasis is a genetically determined chronic disease of the skin, and an accelerated proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of psoriatic lesion. Recently, it was reported that topical administration of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3was effective for psoriasis. Our study was done to investigate the effect of 1,25‐(OH)2‐D3on cell kinetics on human epidermal keratinocytes as a possible mechanism of its effect on psoriasis.After 24‐h application of 1 μg g–11,25‐(OH)2‐D3ointment to psoriatic lesion, the number of mitotic keratinocytes decreased. When the cultured human keratinocytes were exposed to 10–8mol l–11,25‐(OH)2‐D3for more than 9 days, inhibition of cell proliferation was noted. DNA distribution analysis by flow cytometry showed a decrease in cells in the S phase, and increase in 2c cells. This indicates blockade of the cell cycle in the G1phase. The cell cycle time was not extended as a result of 1

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The thyroid function tests as well as evidence of thyroiditis were studied in 18 male patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 healthy HIV1‐positive persons compared with an age‐matched control group. Serum total thyroxine was not significantly different between the groups, but both serum total triiodothyronine, triiodothyronine uptake test, and free thyroid hormone indices showed significantly decreasing values from HIV1‐positive healthy persons to AIDS patients compared with controls (Pvalue from<0.05 to<0.001). Serum TBG was elevated in HIV1‐positive subjects and in patients with AIDS, with a significant inverse correlation with the T3‐uptake test (Spearman's.= 0.657,P<0.01). There was no correlation between thyroxine binding globulin and the other measured variables. The serum level of thyrotropine was not significantly different in the groups, whereas serum thyroglobulin was significantly lowered in the AIDS group. There was no correlation between thyroid function variables and survival time, hepatic function and ratio of T‐helper to T‐suppressor cells. No evidence of thyroiditis was observed. In conclusion thyroid tests showed an atypical outcome in HIV1‐positive patients with or without AIDS compared with the pattern normally seen in non‐thyroid illness, and should, therefore, caution the interpretation of the biochemical changes when diagnosing abnormal thyroid function

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY