摘要:

AbstractTo determine whether hepatic hypoxia is associated with hepatocellular necrosis in alcoholics, oxygen tension in the hepatic vein and hepatic blood flow were determined in thirteen patients without overt clinical liver disease. Ethanol metabolic rate was also assayed as an index of liver metabolism. Hepatic blood flow and ethanol metabolic rate were also determined in six normal volunteers. According to liver histology patients were separated into two groups, with and without hepatocellular necrosis. Alcoholics with necrosis showed a higher (P<0–002) ethanol metabolic rate (405 ± 0–23 mmol/kg/h) than those without necrosis (2–46 ± 0–34). Hepatic blood flow in the total group of alcoholics was not significantly different from controls; in the group with necrosis it was lower (651–7 ± 44–6 ml/min/m2) than in the group without necrosis (878–3 ± 81–6;P<0025). Hepatic vein pO2was lower (P<001) in patients with hepatocellular necrosis (31–7 ± 0–68 mmHg) than in patients without necrosis (35–7 ± 0–99). In the whole group, a significant negative correlation (r= ‐0 76,P<0–003) was observed between hepatic vein pO2and ethanol metabolic rate. Acute administration of ethanol (21–7 mmol/kg) did not alter hepatic blood flow in six normal individuals nor in five alcoholic patients, although an increase in hepatic vein pO2was observed in the latter. The changes observed in hepatic vein pO2, functional hepatic blood flow, and ethanol metabolic rate which correlate with hepatocellular necrosis, may be of pathogenic im

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of thirty‐seven patients with increased haem catabolism has been studied to gain insight in their bilirubin conjugating capacity. Bilirubin UDP‐glucuronyl transferase activity (GlcATa) in the liver and bilirubin monoconjugates in bile were measured and the hepatic bilirubin clearance was calculated from the radio‐chromium‐survival data. In the present group, 41% of the patients clearly had a deficiency in bilirubin conjugation similar to what is classically found in Gilbert's syndrome. The association may facilitate detection of these patients as serum bilirubin levels were higher (65–8 μM ± 19) (m ± 1 SD) in the fifteen patients with associated Gilbert's syndrome versus thirteen having only haemolysis (43–6 μ± 15). A fair correlation was found between the percentage of monoconjugates in bile and the GlcATa levels in the liver as well as with the calculated hepatic bilirubin clearance, although some discrepancies exist. Using these determinations, a clearcut separation from normal values was not obtained, suggesting at least in the present group of patients that Gilbert's syndrome represents only one end of a continuum of bilirubin conjugation rates and not a separate entity.Pigment stones in the gall‐bladder were documented in 51% of the patients and usually at an early age. There was no relationship towards sex, serum bilirubin, GlcATa in liver, total bilirubin or monoconjugates in bile. Age played some role as well as the type of haemolysis as all patients with congenital dyserythro‐poiesis (n= 4) or acquired haemolysis (n= 3) had lith‐iasis. Moderate chronic cholecystitis was present, whereas an accumulation of iron and bile pigment wa

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of dietary factors and experimental manipulations designed to perturb the entero‐hepatic circulation on the rate of sterol synthesis were studied in freshly isolated human jejunal mucosa from normal subjects.Fasting significantly reduced the rate of sterol synthesis from [14C] acetate in jejunal mucosa obtained from normolipaemic obese subjects. A high cholesterol diet had no consistenteffect onthe synthesis in normal subjects. Administration of cholestyramine resulted in a marked rise in the incorporation of [l4C] acetate into sterols, while the administration of chenodeoxycholic acid did not significantly reduce basal sterol synthesis in normal subjects.These results demonstrate that in man the rate of sterol synthesis in intestinal mucosa is altered in response to physiological variables. Although these findings indicate that sterol synthesis in this tissue is subject to regulation, no difference was observed in basal sterol synthesis between normal subjects and patients heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemi

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mechanism by which laxatives such as dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and ricinoleic acid evoke colonic fluid secretion has been suggested to involve mucosal cyclic AMP. Ricinoleic acid and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate were tested for their capacity to modulate the key enzymes of cAMP‐metabolism– adenylate cyclase and cAMP‐phosphodiesterase–in human colonic mucosa.Both laxatives were ineffective stimuli of human colonic adenylate cyclase. In contrast to ricinoleic acid, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate was a competitive inhibitor of soluble cAMP‐phosphodiesterase activity. These experiments suggest that the cathartic properties of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in human colonic mucosa might be mediated by cyclic AMP via inhibition of soluble phosphodiesterase

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPancreatic polypeptide was infused intravenously in healthy fasting subjects at 1 pmol kg‐1(n= 7) and 4 pmol kg‐1min‐1(N= 10) producing plasma PP concentrations of 223 ± 37 pmol/1 (mean ± SEM) and 891 ± 64 pmol/1 respectively. These levels are similar to and four‐fold higher than those seen after a normal mixed breakfast in healthy young adults. In a separate study five healthy subjects ingested a small breakfast during infusion of PP on different days at 1 pmol kg‐1min‐1and 2 pmol kg‐1min‐1respectively. PP at 1 pmol kg‐1min‐1caused a marked reduction in fasting plasma motilin concentrations to 20% of the basal level (P<0–001). There were, however, no significant changes in plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, gastrin, secretin, enteroglucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide or neurotensin.Despite previous reports possibly implicating PP in metabolism, there were no significant effects on blood levels of glucose, alanine lactate, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, glycerol or non‐esterified fatty acids, either in the fasting state or after the ingestion of food. Although it seems unlikely that PP is a major hormonal regulator of intermediary metabolism in man, its ability to suppress motilin at physiological concentrations suggests the possibility of an indirect influence

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have studied the relationships between the main molecular forms of gastrin (G17 and G34) in the serum, antral and duodenal mucosa of duodenal (DU) and gastric (GU) ulcer patients. Fasting serum G17 was similar in both DU and GU (about 6 pmol/1) and in both groups increased about three‐fold with feeding. In contrast, basal serum G34 was significantly higher in GU (29 pmol/1) than in DU (12 pmol/1) and the peak post prandial increase over basal of G34 was also higher in GU (57 pmol/1) compared with DU (10 pmol/1). In sharp contrast, in the same groups of DU and GU patients mean total antral gastrin concentrations were similar (about 12 nmol/g), and in both groups 95% of antral gastrin was G17, most of the remainder being G34. In both groups total duodenal gastrin concentrations were about 20% those in antral mucosa and about 70% of duodenal gastrin was attributable to G34. The higher serum G34 in GU could therefore be explained by increased secretion of duodenal gastrin, but further work is needed to examine whether there might also be preferential secretion of antral G34 in GU, or a difference in the metabolism (or volume of distribution) of gastrin variants in GU and D

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been considered to be predominantly under cholinergic‐vagal control and may therefore serve as an indicator of vagal tone. We found similar basal plasma concentrations of PP in athletes with bradycardia and in untrained subjects. We further observed that physical exercise–an adrenergic situation–induces a several‐fold rise in PP plasma concentration. Maximal plasma PP levels correlated positively with maximal blood pressure. The exercise‐induced rise of PP was completely abolished by propranolol. These findings suggest that stimulation of the adrenergic system releases PP and that therefore plasma PP concentrations cannot be used to determine cholinergic‐vag

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY