ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a patient with severe hypoglycaemia associated with an intrahepatic fibrosarcoma, hyperinsulinism could be excluded, since normal serum insulin and insulinlike activity (ILA) levels were measured in the fasting state and during glucose, glucagon, and tolbutamide tolerance tests. Treatment with methylprednisolone led to an improvement of the clinical condition of the patient. Diazoxide treatment was ineffective. Blood glucose levels were higher during corticoid therapy, but total glucose assimilation remained unchanged. Studies of the metabolism of [1‐14C] glucose before and during treatment with prednisolone showed that an inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis was not significant for the pathogenesis of the hypoglycaemia. The differences of glucose and blood lactate after glucose i. v. before and during prednisolone suggested, however, that gluconeogenesis was increased as a result of corticoid therapy. Measurements of hepatic enzyme activities also favoured this hypothesis: activities of FDP'ase and G‐6‐P'ase were low before treatment and increased by a factor of 1.5 and 5 respectively during treatment, indicating a stimulation of the gluconeogenetic processes in the liver. It is concluded that the combination of tumoral glucose overutilization with hepatic glucose underproduction due to impaired gluconeogenesis was the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for the hypoglycaemia of this patient. Electron microscopic studies of the tumour cells revealed abundant mitochondria and a highly active ergastoplasm. In addition, secretory granules were found in the cytoplasm and some even in the mitocho

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1. Various phosphonates, which are compounds containing C‐P bonds, have been studied to see whether they are able to inhibit, in a manner similar to that of pyrophosphate and the condensed phosphates, the crystallization of calcium phosphatein vitroand the pathological calcification of the aorta and the kidneys of rats given large amounts of vitamin D3.2. Six of the ten compounds studied markedly increased the minimum product, [Ca] × [P], required to induce the precipitation of calcium phosphatein vitrounder physiological conditions of pH, ionic strength and temperature. Inhibition was observed at concentrations as low as 10‐7—106M.3. Most of the diphosphonates, particularly those possessing P‐C‐P bonds, showed some ability to inhibit the calcification of the aortas and kidneys of rats treated with large amounts of vitamin D3. The most effective inhibitors were methylene diphosphonate (MDP), ethane‐1‐hydroxy‐1: I‐diphosphonate (EHDP) and diehloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP).4. The phosphonates that possess P‐C‐P bonds thus appear to have effects on the deposition of calcium phosphatein vitroandin vivosimilar to those of inorganic pyrophosphate and the condensed phosphates, which possess P‐O‐P bonds. These phosphonates differ from the condensed phosphates in that they inhibit kidney calcification as well as aortic calcification and are active by mouth as well as parenterally. The wider spectrum of activity of the phosphonatesin vivomay be due to the fact that they are more resistant to chemical and enzymic breakdown.5. Phosphonates might be used therapeutically in man against diseases in which calcium sal

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHypertriglyceridaemia was produced in rats by the intravenous infusion of Intralipid emulsion or of very low density (d<1.006) rabbit or human lipoproteins (VLDL). Lipoprotein lipase activity was assayed, in tissues removed at the end of infusion, on serum‐activated mono‐ and triolein emulsions at pH 8.6. Hypertriglyceridaemia resulted in a marked decrease in epididymal adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and in an increase in heart enzyme activity. These changes were evident with both mono‐ and triolein substrates. The effects on adipose tissue enzyme activity seemed roughly dependent on the triglyceride (TG) level and, relative to TG elevation, were most pronounced in the case of VLDL infusion. Serum lipoprotein lipase activity, measured in the absence of heparin, was considerably increased suggesting that the TG‐rich material “leached” the adipose tissue enzyme into the circulation. Leaching of lipoprotein lipase from adipose tissue by Intralipid emulsion or VLDL was also demonstrated in anin vitrosystem devoid of heparin. Contact with the TG‐poor, 1.006

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was undertaken in an attempt at unravelling the mechanisms involved in alteration of water and electrolyte balance occurring in the obese during fasting and refeeding. After a short control period, 8 obese patients were submitted to total fasting for 7 days, after which they received 200 g glucose orally in 1 dose each morning for 3 consecutive days. The intake of sodium and potassium was kept constant throughout.Body weight reduction during fasting was far in excess of what could be ascribed to negative caloric balance, on account of fluid and sodium chloride losses. Conversely, carbohydrate refeeding was associated with sodium chloride and water retention.Urinary sodium excretion exceeded intake during fasting despite the fact that aldosterone secretion rate (ASR) almost doubled, rising from 160 to 280 μg/24 h. After aldosterone was administered i.v. over 3 hours on the penultimate day of fasting, sodium excretion dropped from 62 to 22 mEq/24 h. Cortisol levels in plasma and urine remained normal during fasting.Unlike what was seen before the fast, glucose administration after 7 days without food resulted in a prompt decrease in sodium (from 34 to 6 mEq/24 h) and potassium (from 48 to 17 mEq/24 h) excretion; ASR and Cortisol values did not change appreciably at that time. Bicarbonate administered in order to correct the acidosis resulting from starvation, failed to reverse the negative sodium balance.After the fast, a marked deterioration of glucose tolerance was observed, despite an excessive insulin response, since plasma immunoreactive insulin levels at 3 hours were 2.5 times higher than those obtained during the control period.The hypothesis is raised that the accompanying sodium retention might be, at least in part, due to this increased insulin secretion

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA standardized preparation method for the study by polarographic technique of human skeletal muscle mitochondria is described. The mitochondria thus obtained are tightly coupled, exhibiting high respiratory control ratios with classical responses to energy‐coupling inhibitors; they are also able to accumulate calcium, this uptake being blocked by inhibition of the phosphate carrier system. Arsenate uncoupling and integrity of the electron transport chain are demonstrated polarographically. The properties of human skeletal muscle mitochondria are generally similar to those of rat‐skeletal muscle and‐liver mitochondria; differences are disc

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of the polybasic antibiotic neomycin on micellar solutions of labelled lipids and bile salts was studied bothin vitroandin vivo.The addition of neomycin sulphate to simple micellar solutions of bile saltsin vitroraised the pH of precipitation of the glycine conjugates and induced precipitation of the taurine conjugates of dihydroxy bile acids, but had no effect on the corresponding trihydroxy compounds. Addition of neomycin to mixed micellar solutions caused precipitation of most of the fatty acid, monglyceride and cholesterol, but a lesser proportion of bile salt. Precipitation of mixed micellar solutions by neomycin was conditional on the presence of fatty acid and progressively lessened above pH 6.5. Two basic derivatives, Compound R. I. T. 1,291 and N‐methyl neomycin, also precipitated fatty acid, in contrast to the neutral compound X‐acetyl neomycin.In vivothe uptake of labelled oleic acid and cholesterol from mixed micelles, one hour after intraduodenal administration to rats, was markedly decreased by the simultaneous administration of neomycin sulphate 10 to 50 mg. Similarly, in rats with cannulated intestinal lymphatics and bile ducts, the lymphatic transport of labelled fatty acid and cholesterol was also inhibited by neomycin, although this had no effect on the absorption and biliary re‐excretion of labelled taurocholate and taurodeoxycholate. These results suggest that basic neomycin compounds precipitate mixed micellar solutions primarily by their ionic interaction with fatty acids, and thus can interfere with the absorption of both fat and choles

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract10 mU of NSILA‐S, as determined by the fat pad assay, lowered blood glucose and free fatty acids of adrenalectomized rate for a much longer period than 10 mU of crystalline insulin. NSILA‐S was not measurably inactivated by the liver during a 2 h cyclical perfusion, whereas insulin rapidly lost activity with a half‐life of 42 min. 6 mU of NSILA‐S injected intravenously stimulated the incorporation of [6‐14C] glucose into the diaphragm of streptozotocin‐diabetic rats to a much greater extent than 6 mU of insulin, whereas their effects on the incorporation of carbon 14 into the fat pad were equal.When injected intraperitoneally in maximal doses to normal rats both agents stimulated the incorporation of [U‐14C] glucose into adipose tissue and diaphragm to the same extent. There was no potentiation of either agent by the other on adipose tissuein vitro, indicating that they affect the same transport site of the cell membrane. Insulin and NSILA‐S influenced the metabolism of adipose tissue of fasted‐refed rats in the same manner.It is concluded that i.v. injected NSILA‐S is more effectivein vivothan comparable doses of insulin because it is not inactivated by the liver. Furthermore, it seems to have a particular affinity to receptors of the muscle cell membrane. This may be an additional factor in protecting it from inactivati

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe occurrence and causes of a haemodilution anaemia have been studied in two groups of patients, one with diseases of the blood or reticulo‐endothelial system, the other with cirrhosis.In the blood dyscrasia group 37 of 46 patients were anaemic but only 3 had a reduced red cell mass. In the remainder the plasma volume was increased to a greater extent than the redcell masswhich was slightly elevated or within the normal range. A significant correlation was found between a decrease in haemoglobin concentration and an increase in plasma volume. Both the increase in plasma volume and the changes in red cell mass were related to enlargement of the spleen. Measurements carried out at splenectomy showed that an excess of red cells was held within the enlarged spleen whereas up to 30 per cent only of the excess plasma could be found there. A correlation between the plasma volume and spleen blood flow was found but both are related to spleen size and the most likely explanation for the increased plasma volume was a primary increase in vascular capacity. The different effect of posture on the plasma volume in patients before and after splenectomy would also support this hypothesis.In contrast, 20 of the 50 cirrhotic patients were anaemic and seven of these had a reduced red cell mass. In the other 13 patients the plasma volume was increased to a greater extent than the red cell mass but even in those with a haemodilution anaemia, the haemoglobin concentration was not inversely related to the plasma volume. In seven patients the increase in plasma volume was less than that of the red cell mass and four patients were polycythaemic. There was no correlation between the changes in red cell mass and plasma volume or between either of these and the enlargement of the spleen. The presence of portal hypertension appeared to be an important factor but the increase in plasma volume was not related to the extent of the portosystemic venous collateral

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cross‐reaction between HCG and HLH was studied by radioimmunological techniques using 43 anti‐HCG sera. With some of them the cross‐reaction between HCG and HLH was complete as shown by the similar inhibition of binding of labelled HCG and HLH to antibody obtained with both hormones. A few antisera failed to react identically with labelled HCG in the presence of unlabelled HLH and HCG, but with labelled HLH identical inhibition slopes were yielded by unlabelled HLH and HCG. Moreover, with one antisera labeled HLH bound poorly to antibody and unlabelled HLH produced only a slight decrease in the percentage of labelled HCG bound to antibody. These experiments indicate that the cross‐reaction between HCG and HLH is incomplete and that there are immonologically active sites which are specific for HCG and which are not possessed

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1970.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY