ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn association between the development of postpartum hypothyroidism and high levels of IgG1subclass microsomal (M) antibodies has been reported. Using an assay designed to detect reasonable levels of all the four IgG subclasses, we found no differences in the proportion of each IgG subclass in M antibodies of patients with postpartum hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism compared with control postpartum patients with M antibodies but no thyroid dysfunction. However the total amount of M antibody of each IgG subclass was elevated above the controls in the patients with thyroid dysfunction. The relative functional affinity of M antibodies did not differ between controls and patients with hypothyroidism but declined 5 and 10–12 months after delivery compared to values at 2 months. These results do not support the suggestion that the amount of IgG1subclass M antibodies particularly determines the course of postpartum thyroiditis. Rather, the total M antibody level, in all four subclasses, is associated with clinical outcome. Resolution of the disease, despite persisting M antibodies, may occur in part because the relative functional affinity of these antibodies declines after deliver

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies were made on the abnormality of lipoprotein metabolism and its cause in 10 patients with Werner's syndrome. Seven of the 10 patients had hypercholesterolaemia (above 250 mg dl−1). Six of the seven patients with hypercholesterolaemia had thickened Achilles' tendons (>9 mm). A significant positive correlation (P<0·01) was found between the serum total cholesterol levels and the thickness of Achilles' tendons in these 10 patients, suggesting that the substance precipitated in the thickened tendons is derived from serum cholesterol. Some first‐degree relatives of three patients with both hypercholesterolaemia and xanthoma‐like thickening of Achilles' tendons also suffered from hypercholesterolaemia. Moreover, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activities in peripheral lymphocytes of five patients with both hypercholesterolaemia and xanthoma‐like tendons were significantly (P<0·001) lower than those of controls, whereas the LDL receptor activities of two patients without hypercholesterolaemia were almost the same as those of controls. These findings suggest that, at least these five patients with lower lymphocyte LDL receptor activities, and probably another patient with both hypercholesterolaemia and xanthoma‐like thickening of Achilles' tendons suffered from familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). If this is the case, this high frequency of association of Werner's syndrome with FH (in six of 10 patients) suggests some relationship between these t

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBile acid kinetics and biliary lipid composition were determined in seven subjects with primary dysbetalipoproteinaemia. They were all homozygous for the apolipoprotein E isoform E‐2 and six of them were hyperlipidaemic (type III hyperlipoproteinaemia). With or without hyperlipidaemia, the apo E‐2/2 phenotype was associated with increased bile acid formation (mean increase compared with 32 normolipidaemic controls, 43%;P<0·025). The biliary lipid composition was not different from that seen in the controls. The results indicate that the uptake by the liver of apo E‐containing remnant particles is of importance for the regulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in man. It is suggested that hepatic cholesterol synthesis is stimulated in dysbetalipoproteinaemia, and that this leads to a compensatory increase in bile acid syn

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have examined the influence of simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, the rates of cholesterol biosynthesis and degradation of125I‐labelled LDL by freshly isolated mononuclear leucocytes and the 24 h urinary excretion of mevalonic acid in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Patients were treated with progressively increasing doses of simvastatin (20, 40, and 80 mg day−1) taken in a twice‐daily dosage for a period of 6 weeks on each dose. Plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol decreased by 36·6%, 45·6% and 47·1% respectively on the three doses. High‐affinity degradation of125I‐LDL by freshly isolated mononuclear leucocytes increased significantly on the 20 mg day−1dosage but no further increase was observed on doses of 40 and 80 mg of simvastatin per day. Rates of 2‐14C acetate incorporation into cholesterol by freshly isolated mononuclear leucocytes (obtained 12–15 h after the last dose of simvastatin) increased by 62%, 71% and 29% in cells isolated from patients on 20, 40, and 80 mg day−1of simvastatin compared with values at baseline. In contrast, the 24 h excretion of mevalonic acid in the urine fell by 16·9%, 31·4% and 31·9% respectively on these three doses. Our results indicate that the potent hypocholesterolaemic effects of simvastatin are accompanied by increases in high‐affinity LDL receptor‐mediated degradation of LDL and a compensatory increase in cholesterol biosynthesis in freshly isolated mononuclear leucocytes but that rates of mevalonic aci

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrently available information on adipose tissue metabolism in man is mainly based on studiesin vitro. In the present work adipose tissue lipid uptake was studiedin vivoin man. 100 g glucose and 120 g milk fat with 10 μCi U‐14C oleic acid were given in the overnight fasting state to eight women and 2 h after a carbohydrate‐rich meal to eight women. After 4 h, 1‐day, 1 week and 1 month radioactivity levels were determined in the lipids of adipose tissue in the femoral and abdominal regions and in plasma. At 4 h 30 and 20% of the oleic acid was estimated to remain in the extracellular space in the fasted and fed groups respectively, measured in plasma. Contents of oleic acid radioactivity was higher in the abdominal than femoral region. An estimated 27 and 46 g of fat was taken up in adipose tissue of the fasted and fed groups, constituting 1/3 and 1/2 of total tissue uptake respectively. After 1 day these figures were 43 and 60 g respectively. At 1 week and 1 month adipose tissue radioactivity was increasing slowly. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue at 4 h was higher in the femoral than abdominal adipose tissue and higher in the fed than fasted state in the abdominal region. A significant correlation was found between uptake and LPL in abdominal adipose tissue only.These results show that uptake of fat measuredin vivois probably not necessarily reflected by LPL measurements only, suggesting other regulatory factors. The results also suggest that priming of adipose tissue mechanisms for lipid uptake requires some period of time. Primary storage in tissues other than in adipose tissue is probably slowly, partially transferred to adipose

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 41 diabetics (27 type I, 14 type II) and in 23 healthy controls the number of glycoprotein (GP) GPIB and GPIIB/IIIA molecules were determined on resting, peripheral platelets by means of flowcytometry after immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies which bind independently from the state of activation. The average number of both glycoproteins per platelet was significantly elevated (GPIB: 54100 times 1·27±1vs. 39100 times 1·3±1GPIIB/IIIA: 77500 times 1·3±1vs. 62700 times 1·3±1, in diabetic patients. Platelet volume was significantly correlated with the number of GPIB molecules on normal and diabetic platelets (r(normal) = 0·52 ± 0·07;r(diabetic) = 0·46 ± 0·1). Additionally, von Willebrand factor‐related antigen (vWF: AG) was increased to 129% × 1·3 ± 1 in diabetics vs. 111% × 1·4 in controls. The increase of vWF: AG was significantly correlated with HbA1(r= 0·38*) and seemed to depend on chronic hyperglycaemia. Since platelet glycoprotein receptor status is regulated by the bone‐marrow megakaryocyto‐ thrombopoiesis, our observations support the hypothesis that platelet hyperactivity in the diabetic state may be due to primarily altered production of platelets with an increased number of functional glycoproteins. This may be paralleled by increased plasma levels of cytoadhesive proteins like vWF: AG, which interact with the studied glycoproteins and thereby potentiate the risk of dist

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plasma free N‐terminal fibronectin 30‐kDa domain was measured in 44 type 1 diabetic patients and in 20 healthy subjects. A significantly raised mean concentration of a free N‐terminal fibronectin 30‐kDa domain was found in plasma of diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy as compared with healthy persons (P<0·001). A positive correlation was observed between free N‐terminal fibronectin 30‐kDa domain and von Willebrand factor in plasma of all examined subjects (r= 0·62,P<0·01). A similar correlation was present between 30‐kDa domain and albuminuria (r= 0·56,P<0·01). However, no relationship was found between fibronectin 30‐kDa domain and control of diabetes as assessed by fructosamine concentration. The free N‐terminal fibronectin 30‐kDa domain may be used as a marker of actual endothelial cell

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate the sex‐hormone profiles associated with chronic alcoholism in women we examined 16 non‐cirrhotic alcohol abusers (aged 18–46 years). They were admitted for the treatment of alcoholism (duration of 2–16 yrs) to a social hospital for 6 weeks. Their mean daily alcohol consumption was 170 g. Blood samples for serum LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL), oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P), 17‐α‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP), androstenedione (A) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were drawn three times a week during the hospital stay. Similar blood samples were taken from 10 control women during one menstrual cycle. The cycles were anovulatory in two patients and in none of controls. Serum LH and FSH levels were similar in alcoholic and control women but serum concentrations of PRL were increased 2–4‐fold in alcoholic women. In the patients serum, concentrations of E1 and E2 tended to be lower during the follicular and midcycle phases, as did those of P and 17‐OHP during the luteal phase. Compared with the controls, serum levels of A were increased 2–3‐fold in the patients. A parallel difference between the two groups was seen in serum DHEA concentrations. We conclude that until liver injury, even heavy alcohol drinking has only minor effects on the secretion of gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids. Hypersecretion of PRL and adrenal androgens may well be an initiating mechanism for sexual dysfunct

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe endogenous opioid enkephalin drives ion transport towards absorption. To determine the site and mechanism of this effect, fractionated stripping of guinea‐pig ileum was carried out. The muscularis propria, including myenteric plexus, was removed by partial stripping. The submucosa, including the submucosal plexus, plus the muscularis mucosae were removed by total stripping. For binding studies, epithelial cells were removed by the method of Weiser leaving the lamina propria mucosae with the mucosal plexus.Radio‐receptor‐assay with (3H)2‐D‐ala‐5‐D‐leuen‐kephalin revealed enkephalin binding sites in the submucosa plus muscularis mucosae (KD= 3·6 nmol 1−1;Vmax= 7·3 fmol mg−1) and in the lamina propria mucosae (KD= 4·2 nmol 1−1;Vmax= 5·1 fmol mg−1. The binding was stereospecific in both layers. No binding was detected on epithelial cells.In the Ussing chamber, partially stripped ileum exhibited spontaneousISCwhich was abolished by addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or by total stripping indicating that thisISCwas neuronally stimulated by the submucosal plexus. Electrogenic chloride secretion was identified as contributing to thisISC, since the TTX‐sensitive part ofISCin the partially stripped ileum was lacking in Cl‐ and HCO3‐free medium, reappeared after addition of Cl consistent with Michaelis‐Menten kinetics (Km= 19 nmol 1−1) and was reversed by serosal addition of bumetanide. In addition, enkephalin increased electroneutral NaCl‐absorption as obtained by Na‐ and Cl‐flux measurements. Enkephalin decreased this spontaneous neuronally stimulated electrogenic Cl‐secretion in the partially stripped ileum, but had no effect in totally stripped ileum ifISCwas stimulated at the cellular level by theophylline or PGE1‐.We conclude that ganglia located in the submucosal plexus regulate intestinal ion transport. Enkephalin acts by presynaptic inhibition via receptors on these neurons in the submucosa and/or via receptor

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY