ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Twenty‐one patients with increased, thyroid‐stimulating‐hormone (TSH) concentrations in the serum while fasting were studied before and after substitution with l‐thyroxine. Nine patients had TSH values40 mU/1 had an average serum‐thyroxine value of 23 nmol/1. On treatment TSH and thyroxine normalized (reference limits40 mU/1) the lipoprotein‐lipase activities in both adipose and skeletal‐muscle tissue were subnormal before therapy and increased during substitution treatment. This was also reflected in a significant increase of the post‐heparin, lipoprotein‐lipase activity in the plasma and of the fractional removal rate of an i.v. injected fat emulsion. Ten out of twelve patients showed a decrease of the triglyceride concentration in whole serum, which reflected changes of the triglyceride concentrations in low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) more than changes in very‐low‐density lipoproteins, in which the triglyceride concentration was unchanged during treatment. In LDL, both the cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated before therapy and decreased by 22% and 32% of the pretreatment values, respectively, during treatment. Furthermore, the serum‐apolipoprotein‐B concentration decreased by 16%. The serum‐apolipoprotein‐A‐I concentration was subnormal before treatment and the lipid composition of the HDL particle was changed towards an enrichment of triglycerides. During treatment, the HDL‐triglyceride concentration decreased, whereas that of HDL cholesterol was unchanged. The fasting serum‐insulin concentration increased significantly during the treatment period.In the group with mild hypothyroidism (TSH<40 mU/1), there were no significant changes

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The hepatic catabolism of chylomicron remnants in normal rats and in hypothyroid rats which were either normocholesterolaemic or made hypercholesterolaemic by feeding cholesterol and cholic acid was studiedin vivoand in hepatocyte monolayers.In vivo, the clearance of injected chylomicron remnants labelled with either cholesteryl‐ or retinyl ester was delayed in the hypercholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats, but not in normocholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats.Cholesteryl‐ester‐rich hepatocytes from hypercholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats took up remnants less efficiently than did normal hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from normocholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats had a lower cholesteryl ester content and took up remant particles to a greater degree than did normal hepatocytes. When normal hepatocytes were incubated with hypercholesterolaemic serum or with mevalonolactone, which increased cell cholesteryl ester content, there was a slight suppression of remnant uptake. Also, addition of triiodothyronine to hepatocyte monolayers suppressed rather than increased uptake of chylomicron remants in hepatocytes.Thus, the study suggests that chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver is not inhibited by hypothyroidismper sebut by the cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes that is the consequence of cholesterol and bile acid feeding of the rats. Although the cholesteryl ester content in hepatocytes seems to determine remnant uptake, the regulation of uptake does not seem to be as effective as that of the LDL receptor in extrahepatic

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Three groups of women underwent water loading tests: normal subjects, idiopathic oedema patients who had taken no medication for at least 3 months, and a second oedema group with recent diuretic intake.Idiopathic oedema in drug‐free patients was characterized by an abnormal capillary permeability, lower basal protein values, a dramatic drop in urinary output in the upright position due to reduced glomerular filtration, enhanced reabsorption of sodium and water and stimulation of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (AVP) secretions. In these idiopathic oedema cases, osmolar AVP regulation was disrupted but AVP control by plasma volume was maintained.In the basal state, patients with recent diuretic intake were characterized by a gain in body weight and by depletion of plasma volume and plasma potassium. In these subjects, urinary output in the upright posture was as insufficient as in drug‐free patients but was due to higher sodium reabsorption. Renal insensitivity to AVP action was also observed. Osmolar regulation and volume regulation of AVP were both disrupted in these cases with recent diuretic int

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effects of repeated intravenous calcium administration on pancreatic juice secretion were investigated in four Thomas fistula dogs. During stimulation by 1.0 U kg‐1h‐1GIH secretin, three Ca doses were administered: 2, 4 and 8 μmol kg‐1min‐1during 1 h, saline being used in control tests; one dose only was tested per day. It was found that Ca administration induced both acute and long‐lasting effects. Acute effects were characterized by an increased response to secretin stimulation. Fluid, HCO3‐, protein and Ca outputs increased significantly in a dose‐dependent manner, the increase of protein output being the most dramatic. Long‐lasting effects, until now unrecognized, were characterized by a progressive increase of protein secretion during the first hour of secretin stimulation. This increase kept going during the 3 months of repeated calcium injections. Although protein plugs were observed in the juice, sometimes stopping the flow of juice, no pancreatic lesion was found. A second protocol showed that, after discontinuing calcium injections, the long‐lasting effects decreased progressively, but protein hypersecretion was still significant 3.5 months later. The importance of these findings regarding chronic pancreatitis due to hyperparathyro

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Recent epidemiological surveys have indicated that alcoholics exhibit increased incidences of a variety of cancers. We have investigated, as a possible contributing factor to carcinogenesis in this population, the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on metabolic activation of procarcinogens by microsomes isolated from lungs and small intestine. These tissues are major sites through which procarcinogens enter the body and are also potential sites of procarcinogen metabolism.Rat litter‐mates were pair‐fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets which contained either ethanol as 36% of total energy or an equivalent energy content of carbohydrates in place of ethanol. Chronic ethanol consumption produced significant increases in pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P‐450 and microsomal ethanol oxidation. The ethanol diet also enhanced the capacity of pulmonary microsomes to activate compounds present in tobacco pyrolyzates to mutagens detectable in the AmesSalmonellaauxotroph reversion assay. The ethanol diet did not alter the capacity of pulmonary microsomes to hydroxylate benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or to activate BaP to a mutagen. In contrast, microsomes from the upper small intestine of ethanol‐fed rats did exhibit both higher levels of BaP hydroxylase activity and enhanced activation of BaP to a mutagen. The ethanol feeding also enhanced the capacity of the intestinal microsomes to activate to mutagens both tryptophan pyrolyzate and 2‐aminofluorene but did not influence the metabolic activation of these promutagens by pulmonary microsomes. Chronic ethanol consumption thus influences carcinogen metabolism in the intestine and lung in a manner which varies with respect to both carcinogen a

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Types I, II and III collagen were isolated from calvarium, skin and cartilage from a patient with recessive lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. The distribution of the various collagen types was normal in all three tissues. The α‐chains were purified by molecular sieve and ion‐exchange chromatography and were found to differ from the corresponding α‐chains of age‐matched controls only in that the α1(I), α2 and α1 (III) chains contained higher amounts of hydroxylysine with proportionally less lysine. α1(II) was normal. The excess hydroxylysine residues were all glycosylated in the case of α1(I) chains, but only partly so for the α2 chains. Similar observations were made with collagen from fetuses at various stages of development. In these fetuses, however, the increase in the degree of hydroxylation of lysine in αl(I), α2 and αl(III) varied with age, being highest in the youngest fetus. Seen in the context of embryonic development, the collagen of the patient would correspond to that of a fetus younger than 18 weeks, and one could speculate that the defect seen in this patient is the result of a disturbed process of maturation of

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fourteen grossly obese patients were studied before and 2, 6, 12 and 24 months after jejuno‐ileal bypass. The major weight loss occurred during the first 6 months while there was no significant change of the mean body weight during the last 12 months of the study. During the initial period of pronounced weight loss there were significant reductions of all lipoprotein classes, e.g. at 2 months the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides had decreased by 41% (P<0.01), the low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 42% (P<0.001), the high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 27% (P<0.001) and the serum apolipoprotein B, A‐I and A‐II concentrations by 30% (P<0.001), 17% (P<0.001) and 27% (P<0.01) respectively. The fractional removal rate (K2) at the intravenous fat tolerance test had increased by 38% (P<0.01), indicating an increased removal capacity of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins. At 24 months the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the apolipoprotein B concentration remained reduced by 28% (P<0.05), 48% (P<0.001) and 35% (P<0.001) respectively. The intravenous fat tolerance testK2remained significantly increased by 44% (P<0.05). However, the high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the apolipoprotein A‐I and A‐II concentrations had successively increased again to pre‐operative levels. The low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was decreased by 44% (P<0.001) and the apolipoprotein A‐I/apolipoprotein B ratio had increased by 74% (P<0.001), both changes presumably beneficial in regard of atherogenicity. The apolipoprotein A‐I/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios had increased by 23% (P<0.001) and 28% (P<0.001) respectively. The data indicate that the reduction of high density lipoprotein may be a transient phenomenon during the initial period of weight loss but that definite changes occur in the high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein composition which are apparent also 2 ye

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The change in bone mass during 1 1/2 years was determined in a longitudinal study of sixty adult insulin‐treated diabetic out‐patients. During the study period the mean bone mass decreased by 1.30 ± 0.28 (SEM) % (P<0.001), to a mean value of 91.0 ± 1.7% of normal (P<0.001). The rate of bone loss was significantly higher in patients with 1–6 years of diabetes (n= 29, bone loss: 1.96 ± 0.32%/1 1/2 years) than in patients with longer duration of the disease (n= 31, bone loss: 0.61 ± 0.44%/l 1/2 years,P<0.02). The endogenous insulin secretion estimated with the glucagonstimulated serum C‐peptide concentration decreased during the observation period in 58.6% of the patients with 1–6 years of diabetes compared to 16.1% among patients with 7–11 years of diabetes (P<0.002). The rate of bone mineral loss was almost 3 times higher in the twenty‐two patients in whom endogenous insulin secretion had deteriorated (2.12 ± 0.30%/l 1/2 years) than in the thirty‐eight patients without as well as with unchanged or increased insulin secretion (0.78 ± 0.39%/l 1/2 years,P<0.01). In twenty patients with an increased insulin dose during the study period the mean bone mineral loss was 2.05 ± 0.36%/l 1/2 years compared to a mean bone mineral loss of 0.91 ± 0.38%/l 1/2 years in the forty patients with unchanged or decreased insulin dosage (P<0.05).This longitudinal study further supports the hypothesis that the bone mineral loss in insulin‐treated diabetic patients begins with the onset of clinical diabetes and that its development is associated with the deterioration of the beta‐cell function and with the increment in insulin dosage. The rate of bone mineral loss is high during the first few years of clinical diabetes, but levels off with increas

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Specific activities of erythrocyte membrane Na‐K ATP‐ase, Mg ATP‐ase and Ca‐Mg ATP‐ase were measured in twenty‐five patients with endogenous depression both during acute phase of the illness and in remission as well as in sixteen healthy subjects. The three ATP‐ase activities were significantly lower during depressive phase than in remission period. The ATP‐ase values of depressive patients in remission did not differ from those of healthy controls. No difference was found in respect to parameters studied between the group of patients with depression in the course of bipolar manic‐depressive psychosis and patients with unipolar depression both in depression and remission. These data may suggest that the reduced activity of ATP‐ases in depressed patients is not due to a primary genetic defect but is an episodic change associated with depression. In view of consistency of this phenomenon its diagnostic and research potential is wort

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY