摘要:

Abstract.Cryoglobulin precipitates of the mixed type, containing 19 S IgM and 7 S IgG gamma globulin, were isolated from a patient serum and the interaction with serum C was studied. Loss of C activity in human serum incubated with cryoprecipitate was accompanied by the generation of C3 activity in the cryoglobulin aggregates. Complete dissociation of cryoprecipitation and the interaction of the precipitates with C was achieved at temperatures below 22°C and above 32°C respectively. The normal C titre in fresh serum of a cryoglobulinaemic patient was significantly reducedin vitroby first cooling and then rewarming the serum. The possible pathogenic role of the bithermic C activation in cryoglobulinaemic vascular lesions is discusse

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The relationship between the plasma concentrations of the urate‐binding alpha1–2, globulin in patients with different types of primary gout and in healthy control subjects has been studied by an immuno‐assay method based on diffusion in antibody‐agar plates. Plasma from 33 different individuals was investigated including healthy control subjects, asymptomatic, normouraemic subjects from a gouty kindred previously shown to have reduced plasma urate‐binding capacities, patients with and without an incomplete hypoxanthine‐guanine‐phosphoribosyl‐transferase (PRT) deficiency associated with gout, as well as one case of LeschNyhan syndrome and one case of xanthinuria. In gouty subjects previously demonstrated to have a reduced urate‐binding capacity and in their asymptomatic relatives with this defect the plasma concentrations of the urate‐binding alpha1–2globulin were reduced to 25% of the values found in healthy control subjects. This protein deficiency could hardly result from hyperuricaemia as protein concentrations within normal limits were found in three subjects with gout associated with an incomplete PRT‐deficiency as well as in the case of LeschNyhan syndrome. The finding of a normal protein concentration in these last cases further indicates that the urate‐binding alpha1–2globulin deficiency may represent an additional modality in which the pathogenetic heterogeneity in pr

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The ability to detect resistances added to the tracheostomy tubes of E.N.T. patients was improved by allowing the pressure changes to be transmitted to the upper airways (by deflating the tracheostomy tube cuff). This suggests that the upper airways are sensitive detectors of added airway resistance and that this sensitivity masks impaired thoracic mechanisms of detection. Patients with chronic obstructive airways disease were able to detect added resistances less well than those with minimal airway disease. Patients with cervical cord transections from spinal level C3 to C6 were able to detect threshold resistive loads normally. It is concluded that receptors in the chest wall and diaphragm are not essential for the normal sensation of threshold resistive loads.

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fat cells of different sizes were isolated from the same sample of adipose tissue by collagenase treatment and fractionation by flotation in an isoosmolar medium. Protein, phospholipid and cholesterol increased with increasing fat cell size. Cholesterol correlated most closely with fat cell volume but phospholipid apparently with surface. Most of fat cell cholesterol was found in the triglyceride droplet, and only a smaller part in a particulate fraction from fat cells. Incorporation of labelled glucose into triglyceride increased with fat cell size, apparently in proportion to fat cell surface rather than diameter or volume. This was the case also with incorporation into fatty acids. The association between fat cell size and metabolism was present also in alloxan diabetic rats. Short term insulin deficiency thus does not abolish the increase of metabolic activity with fat cell size. Analyses of activities of selected glycolytic enzymes and of fatty acid synthesis from acetate in cell‐free systems showed a similar dependence on fat cell size, demonstrating that isotope dilution phenomena in large and small fat cells are probably not responsible. — Lipolytic activity in the basal state and after epinephrine stimulation was increased in large fat cells, which also reesterified more fatty acids than small fat cells when calculated according to the balance method. — It was concluded that larger fat cells are metabolically more active than smaller fat cells. The increase of glyceride‐glycerol labelling and of glycerol release from larger fat cells suggests an increased triglyceride turn‐over in these fat cells. Large fat cells might thus be considered as an active metabolic sub‐compartment of adi

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Sulfonylureas such as BS4231 and HB419 stimulate insulin secretion in pieces of rat pancreatic tissue. Their insulinotropic effect requires the presence of a sufficient amount of calcium in the incubation medium. Both sulfonylureas markedly stimulate calcium uptake by isolated islets of Langerhans, their stimulant action being more marked in the absence of glucose or at low glucose concentration than at higher glucose levels. Theophylline alone does not stimulate insulin secretion, but it significantly enhances insulin release in the presence of BS4231. This finding is interpreted as another indication that sulfonylureas, like glucose or leucine, favour calcium accumulation in the beta cell by modifying the balance between calcium influx and efflux across the plasma membrane. Heavy water, a microtubules‐stabilizer, inhibits the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas, but does not affect BS4231‐induced calcium uptake. These data suggest that the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas results from the accumulation of calcium in the beta cell, and the subsquent activation of the microtubular‐microfilamentous system involved in the emiocytosis of insulin secretory gra

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.DHEA sulphate was administered orally in doses of 20 to 80 mg to 13 subjects with hypercholesterolaemia or hyperlipaemia. Plasma lipid and neutral steroid sulphate levels as well as the excretion of individual ll‐deoxy‐17‐ketosteroids and estrogens in urine were investigated before and during the treatment. No effect was observed on plasma free or esterified cholesterol, on total or individual phospholipid values, or on routine blood haematological or chemical analyses. However, the plasma C19steroid sulphate levels increased considerably as well as the urinary excretion of the 11‐deoxy‐17‐keto‐steroids, indicating good absorption of the compound administered. No significant changes in estrogen excretion following DHEA sulphate treatment could be noted. —When 13 male subjects with hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipaemia were compared with 42 normal controls of the same mean age, a significantly lower urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and estrone as well as of estrone + estradiol was observed in the path

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Effective erythroid marrow activity was quantitated by reticulocyte counts and iron kinetics in normal individuals and in 50 patients suffering from various haematological disorders. To allow direct comparison between both measurements normal base line values were established and defined as production index 1. The erythrocyte iron turnovers as calculated from plasma iron turnover and radioiron red cell incorporation were divided by the figure found in normal subjects, 0.49 mg per 100 ml whole blood per day. Reticulocyte percentages were first corrected for changing haematocrit levels considering as normal 1 and 45% respectively. In this form reticulocyte counts overestimated effective red cell production in the majority of anaemic patients. Further correction was needed to account for the well known inverse temporal relationship between the erythropoietin‐induced marrow transit acceleration and the prolonged maturation period of circulating reticulocytes. For this purpose the haematocrit‐corrected reticulocyte counts were divided by the fraction marrow transit time normal (3.5 days)/marrow transit time patient. This parameter is defined as the time period necessary for 50% appearance of maximum cellular activity. Now production indices derived from the 2 methods agreed almost perfectly. Marrow transit times were related to characteristics of the peripheral blood film, i.e. polychromasia and mean morphological reticulocyte maturation stage. On this basis guidelines were worked out for a meaningful interpretation of reticulocyte cou

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. ATP, Ca, Mg determinations from arterial and coronary‐venous blood were carried out during routine cardiac catheterization. 2. 10 patients with chronic left heart failure and 10 patients with normal left ventricles were tested. An additional 10 patients with chronic left heart failure were tested only for ATP in arterial and coronary‐venous blood. 3. The blood specimens were taken at rest and during physical exertion as well as before and after the administration of ouabain. 4. In coronary‐venous blood of chronically failing human hearts ATP is increased during physical exertion (arterial = 0.756 μmol ATP/ml whole blood; coronary‐venous = 0.796 μmol ATP/ml whole blood.p<0.005). The results were reproduced in a second group of 10 patients with left heart failure (arterial = 0.654 μmol ATP/ml whole blood; coronary‐venous = 0.693 μmol ATP/ml whole blood. p<0.0005). 5. After the administration of ouabain this effect is no longer detectable in the same patients. 6. The chronically failing human myocardium absorbs essentially more Ca during physical exertion than the normal myocardium does (arterial = 107.4 μg/ml serum; coronary‐vonous = 113.4 μ/ml serum. p<0.0005). 7. In chronic heart failure there was no uptake of Ca after the administration of ouabain. 8. Differences in Mg uptake and release could not be determined in the fa

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Perceived exertion was measured using a linear grading scale, in three healthy males performing paired patterns of continuous and intermittent exercise with the same average power output. Intermittent exercise with work periods of 10 sec. alternating with recovery periods of loadless pedalling for 30 sec. was associated with lower perceived exertion grades than when work periods were 30 or 120 sec. Perceived exertion, oxygen intake, ventilation, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were all significantly higher for intermittent exercise than for continuous exercise with the same average power output. The relationships between perceived exertion and the physiological variables was the same for the two forms of exercise despite widely different mechanical stresses on the legs. Mechanical factors were therefore thought to make a relatively unimportant contribution to perceived exertion over the range of exercise intensities studied.—The high degree of correlation between perceived exertion and the measured physiological variables suggests a wider use of exertion grading in field studie

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Forty patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were investigated with respect to diurnal variability of arterial pressure (indirect recordings), intra‐arterial pressure, cardiac output, plasma volume, renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Extracellular volume was estimated in 17, plasma renin concentration in 33 and vector‐cardiograms were recorded in 27 patients. Treatment was discontinued at least a fortnight before and sodium intake was standardized.—Blood pressure varied across a wide range. Variability (lability) of blood pressure was quantified by expressing the difference between highest and lowest automatic blood pressure readings as a percentage of the highest reading. Cardiac output correlated with variability of blood pressure, blood volume and renal blood flow.—Plasma renin concentration was correlated with renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction.—QRSmagnitude appeared to be related with the level of arterial pressure.—Haemodynamic variables exhibited a definite relationship with age, deviating in part from distribution according to age in normal

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY