摘要:

Abstract.Mercuric chloride introduced into the systemic circulation or directly into the renal artery in dogs leads to an immediate and lasting fall in renal blood flow. On arteriography severe cortical ischaemia is seen. These findings were studied in 32 animals. Renal vascular shut‐down induced by mercuric chloride appears concentration dependent, and is not mediated by glomerular filtration. It is possible to protect the kidney from shut‐down by an infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol given before mercuric chloride. This suggests that the ‘no‐reflow phenomenon’, already documented in the ischaemic kidney and brain, has a counterpart in mercury induced acute renal failure. Endothelial cell swelling may be an important primary vascular disorder underlying many acute renal failu

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.18 patients with intermittent claudication were studied to find some explanation for the beneficial effect of physical training on their symptoms. The patients were randomly allocated to a training group and a placebo‐treated control group. The effect of treatment on serum lipids, muscle lipids and glycogen, walking tolerance, calf blood flow, muscle succinic oxidase activity and thein vitroincorporation rate of glucose‐carbon into various metabolites were studied.In the control group none of these parameters were changed.In the trained group the following significant changes were found: Walking tolerance improved; muscle contents of cholesterol and phospholipids increased, as did succinic oxidase activity and the incorporation rate of glucose‐carbon into glycogen, lipids and carbon dioxide. Incorporation of glucose‐carbon into lactate decreased.The improvement in walking tolerance was correlated with the altered pattern of metabolic activity but was not associated with increased calf blood flow. It is concluded that metabolic changes in skeletal muscles may be important in explaining the beneficial effects of physical training in patients with peripheral arterial insuff

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of conjugated trihydroxy bile salts, tauro‐ and glycocholate, and of deoxycholate on tissue uptake and mucosal to serosal transfer of actively transported hex‐oses and amino acids has been examined in rat small intestinein vitro.Conjugated trihydroxy bile salts and deoxycholate markedly inhibited active transport of hexoses and amino acids in the ileum of rat small intestine, whereas in the jejunum, deoxycholate alone was inhibitory. The inhibitory effect of tauro‐ and glycocholate increased with incubation time. It persisted after washing of the tissue and reincubation with hexoses in a bile salt free medium, and could be observed with only 2 × 10‐4M taurocholate. Taurocholate was able to evoke an increase of transmural potential difference (PD) in the ileum, but did not affect PD in the jejunum. Prein cubation of ileal small intestine with taurocholate depressed subsequent glucose‐induced PD‐increments. In the jejunum, however, taurocholate did not affect PD‐increments induced by D‐glucose.It is concluded that conjugated trihydroxy bile salts have to enter intestinal mucosal epithelial cells to an appreciable extent in order to affect other active, energy‐requiring transport systems in rat small intestine. Previous results showing a failure of conjugated bile salts to inhibit active transport of hexoses and amino acids are explained by the fact that only jejunal transport

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Total activity of aspartate‐aminotransferase (GOT; EC 2.6.1.1) and activities of the cytoplasmic (c‐GOT) and mitochondrial (m‐GOT) isozymes were measured in rat liver 24 and 48 h after bilateral nephrectomy.24 h after nephrectomy no significant differences in enzyme activities could be detected between uraemic animals and sham‐operated controls. However 48 h after nephthrectomy the total activity of GOT increased significantly. Fractional tissue extraction revealed an elevation of only the cytoplasmic isozyme (c‐GOT), due to a selective increase of this enzyme fraction. No significant change could be noticed of the mitochondrial isozyme (m‐GOT). These results are discussed with regard to an increased gluconeogenesis in rat liver 48 h after bilateral

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.200 (ig of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously to six normal men and six normal women on two occasions. A positive correlation between the basal TSH level and maximal serum TSH after TRH was found. The TSH responses in the mid‐follicular and mid‐luteal phase were similar. There was no difference in the response between the men and the women investigated. The variability was considerable, the intra‐individual coefficient of variation of the TSH response being 30 per cent when expressed as per cent increase above the basal

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Freezing and thawing of dilute normal human fibroblast suspensions causes partial inactivation of hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT). Phosphoribosyl‐pyrophosphate (PRPP) stabilizes both phosphoribosyltrans‐ferases against this inactivation. Mutant HGPRT enzymes from a patient with the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome and from a gouty patient with partial HGPRT deficiency were similarly inactivated by freezing and thawing, but only the former mutant enzyme could be stabilized by PRPP. The insensitivity of the mutant HGPRT from the patient with partial enzyme deficiency to PRPP stabilization indicates a structural enzyme alteration. The different sensitivity of the two HGPRT mutants to PRPP stabilization reflects the heterogeneity of HGPRT mutations

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.When the adaptation of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin (Hb) to acute hypoxia is tested in healthy volunteers with and without Dipyridamole1(D), the Bohr‐effect is shown to play the dominant role for the position of the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC). If the Bohr‐effect is eliminated by calculating a pH corrected P50, a shift to the right is observed after only 2 hours of continued hypoxia. This decrease of the O2‐affinity of Hb correlates with an increase in red cell 2, 3‐DiphosphogIycerate (DPG). Under D.‐medication the 2, 3‐DPG levels are significantly higher than the controls. The 2% increase of O2‐availability induced by D. however is fully reversed by the Bohr effect.To raise the O2supply at the tissue level in acute hypoxia, the human organism prefers an increase in O2‐binding and ‐transport to a decrease in the O2‐affinity of Hb. The continued respiratory alkalosis raises the 2, 3‐DPG level thus gradually compensating for the primary increase in the oxygen af

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Plasma from normal subjects and uraemic patients was obtained five minutes after injection of tritiated g‐strophantin, methyldigoxin, digoxin or digitoxin and it was dialyBed (dualclosed loop dialysis; pressure balanced to prevent fluid shift; cuprophane membrane; pH 7.4; 37 °C) against the subject's own plasma‐water obtained by means of haemodiafiltration before injection of the cardiac glycosides.–Plasma protein binding was calculated from the constant concentration difference between plasma and plasma‐water during the diffusion equilibrium after 220 min. of dialysis. This value was significantly reduced in the uraemic patients as compared to the normal subjects, although the plasma protein concentration of the two groups was not different. Methyldigoxin protein binding was reduced from 29.8 to 19.0%, digoxin from 29.4 to 21.3% and digitoxin from 93.7 to 88.3%. Protein binding of g‐strophantin could not be found neither in normal nor in uraemic plasma.–Similar differences between the different cardiac glycosides and the uraemic and normal plasma were found in the mass transfer during the first two hours of dialysis. The conclusion from these results is that in uraemic patients a more rapid onset of action and an enhanced activity of protein‐bound glycosides might be considered.–When interpreting the plasma concentration of cardiac glycosides in uraemic patients it should be remembered that the pharmacological effect depends on the unbound part of the drug, which is increased in uraemia. Although the protein binding of digitoxin is reduced by only 5.4%, the result is a doubling of the unbound glycosi

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Bile salt sulphates were determined in serum and urine of 40 patients with severe cholestasis due to extrahepatic obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis and metastases of the fiver. Mono‐, di‐ and tri‐sulphates of bile salts were identified by column chromatography following intravenous administration of14C‐cholate. Quantitative analysis was done by gas‐liquid chromatography following solvolysis. In our patients more than 50% of the bile salts excreted by the urine were sulphated (76.9% mono‐sulphates, 21.3% di‐sulphates, 1.8% tri‐sulphates). In contrast less than 10% of serum bile salts were sulphated. Therefore the renal clearance of bile salt sulphates was more than 15 times greater than the clearance of non‐sulphated bile salts. There were no significant differences in patients with extrahepatic obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis and metastases of the liver. – It is concluded that urinary excretion of mono‐ and di‐sulphates of bile salts represents an important excretory mechanism in patients with cholestatic liver disease. In most patients only trace amounts of tri‐sulphated bile salts w

ISSN:0014-2972    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY