摘要:

AbstractThis is the first of two papers in this issue on how business decisions are made. The origins of corporate strategy and policy and the involvement of senior and junior management in such activities are theoretically difficult to generalize about. In these papers four well‐known British firms are examined in depth. Their evolution over time is analysed and how managerial behaviour and perceptions changed is discussed. The conclusion is drawn that firms have been decentralizing in the last two decades in order to provide greater scope for managerial initiative, training and entrepreneurship at all levels. Part 2 contains the detailed evidence: some readers may prefer to consider it immediately after Section 1 belo

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour large UK firms, Cadbury Schweppes, Manganese Bronze, Tube Investments and Thomas Tilling, were asked to provide detailed comments on their company's evolution and management styles. This paper reports in detail on the interviews.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents an alternative to the usual iterative method for determining the approximate internal rate of return in capital budgeting. The method developed is based on the standard numerical analysis technique of successive approximations or iterations. The iterations converge to the true internal rate of return provided only that the initial cash outflow is greater than the salvage value. A comparison is made of the rates of convergence of the iteration method, Newton's method and the bisection method. Under certain restrictive conditions, the payback reciprocal is seen to play an important role in all three methods.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers why firms differ in the degree to which they rely on their internal R&D organization for generating new technologies (induced innovations) rather than on existing external technology markets (purchased innovations). An empirical model is suggested to explan inter‐firm differences in the percentage of new technology induced through R&D efforts. The analysis suggests that such differences are systematically related to the firm's size, its competative environment, and its degree of diversificatio

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical foundation for marketing based on the ideas of the Austrian school of economists. After a discussion of the methodological foundations of Austrian economics, which reject the statistical and experimental methods of the physical sciences as the means to verify theory in the social sciences, the article presents the Austrians' principle of methodological individualism, which provides the basis for a theory of entrepreneurship and marketing.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychosocial benefit resists monetary expression. However, reduction in costs, with no loss of benefits assumed, improves a cost‐benefit ratio. The effect of cimetidine on the costs of ulcer has been widely studied. Randomized clinical trials show reductions in surgery and work loss among cimetidine‐treated patients versus placebo controls. In the community, time series studies have documented drops in ulcer surgery, averaging about 25% below the expected trend line, following marketing introduction of the drug. These, plus a cross‐sectional study of Medicaid patients with and without use of cimetidine, indicate that the drug has reduced the net direct costs of ulcer di

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090040101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY