ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper specifies a model in which the preservation of organizational capital is the principal factor motivating corporate diversification decisions. Alternative hypotheses of the determinants of diversification are then subjected to empirical test with data for 96 US industrial firms in the 1967–71 period. Consistent with the model, variables associated with unfavorable expectations on the marginal returns to investment in existing activities proved dominant in explaining ‘desired’ increases in diversification. Alternative explanations, namely, the role of managerial attributes, of absolute advantages of some firms, and of opportunities created by research and development, had more modest explanatory

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost business decisions are not merely risky but are subject to uncertainty. Different individuals estimate different measures of merit. It is shown that the traditional procedure of ranking the alternatives by their estimated measure of merit and then choosing the highest ranked alternative frequently gives the wrong answer even where the estimates are unbiased. The argument will be made using a simple decision tree. The effect will be shown to be especially serious where there is competition, direct or indirect, between the alternatives.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the demand and cost conditions under which utility maximizing pricing‐risk and advertising‐risk relationships are determinate. The structure of the firm's demand uncertainty captures both uncertain customer arrivals and uncertain individual customer demand. In addition to standard demand restrictions and constant marginal cost, determinate results depend upon the degree of managerial risk‐aversion, the correlation between individual demand and customer arrival disturbances, the firm's cost fixity, and bounded product differentiation effects of advertising. The symmetry between price‐cuts and advertising as demand‐increasing costs is extensively examined; firm equilibrium requires that price‐cuts not be an inferior input for increa

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the effects of tax incentives on the investment policies of companies. The issue is examined on the basis of a questionnaire survey conducted among a large sample of firms in the United Kingdom manufacturing industry. The main findings from the survey are that taxation and tax incentives are not major factors in the investment decisions of companies. Although taxation does not appear to be a major factor in companies' investment decisions, it does emerge as a subordinate element in a complex decision situation and large companies are shown to be more alert and responsive to tax advantages than medium‐sized or small companie

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most important problems in advertising strategy is the allocation of overall advertising budgets among alternative media. This paper shows how economic analysis can be applied to offer an improved solution to this problem. In particular, the present study claims that income‐elasticity is one of the variables that should be considered when making media‐mix decisi

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe increasing importance of pollution controls as a part of government regulatory activities has motivated considerable concern about the economic impact of these activities. This question is of considerable importance, because environmental quality goals are sometimes in conflict with other objectives such as full employment and economic growth. Policy‐makers are thus faced with the task of identifying and measuring the trade‐offs between these various objectives. But the measurement of these objectives requires information on their economic impacts. This paper develops a general equilibrium model with pollution specifications which can be used to identify the economic impacts of pollution‐control policies. The particular pollution‐control policy addressed is an environmental standards approach. The model is based on a technique that combines an explicit representation of consumer demand behaviour vis‐à‐vis linear aggregate demand functions with activ

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the potential effects of variable set expansion and data variations upon the efficiency scores generated using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. It was found that variable set expansion (either through disaggregation of existing variables or addition of new factors) should produce an upward trend in efficiency scores. In addition, ample opportunity exists for ‘decision‐making units’ to increase their efficiency scores through manipulation of reported data. In real‐world applications of DEA, these problems must be resolved as much as possible (e.g. increased audit of data) in order to improve DEA's practical usefulness and reli

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the optimal output decisions of a dominant firm in the presence of imperfect information about the rival's reactions. The model is multi‐period with the profits in each period being independent of those in other periods. Consequently, if the rival's reaction parameter were known to the dominant firm, a myopic policy would be optimal, In the presence of imperfect information about the rival's unknown reaction parameter, the dominant firm acts in a Bayesian manner by updating its prior distribution based on the observations of the rival's outputs. Because of the multiplicative shape of the rival's reaction function, the Bayesian updating rule is a function of the dominant firm's decision variable, i.e. its output decisions. This creates a dependence of the future value of the dominant firm on the present output decision, and hence a myopic policy is not, in general, optimal. It is shown that through output experimentation the dominant firm will tend to overproduce and, consequently, will increase its expected discounted profits (market value

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090060111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY