摘要:

AbstractThe award of the Nobel Prize in Economics to a Professor of Computer Sciences and Psychology is surprising but refreshing. Unlike many economists, Simon is more concerned with how decisions are made than withwhatdecisions are made. His writings, although academic and theoretical, are concerned with the real world and are of practical value to the administrator. He is willing to accept evidence from any relevant source and has ranged widely over not only the disciplines of the social sciences but also the philosophies. Simon is well aware of the value of quantitative methods, but remains convinced of the great importance of value judgements in decision‐making. In view of the trends in modern society towards greater concern with aspects of welfare which are difficult to quantify, and the growing importance of the public sector, Simon's work is highly relevant to our times. It is in the best traditions ofpoliticaleconomy, and is not remote from realit

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInternational comparisons of many kinds are hindered by the lack of data that are consistent between countries. This has been the case particularly with comparisons of managerial remuneration and, along with the lack of consistent data, there has been no satisfactory theory of differentials in managerial remuneration either in absolute terms for example, as between a given‐status manager in, say, Canada and the UK – or in relative terms ‐ for example, the differential between two managers of different status in each country. This article uses some recently published, and expensively gathered, data on managerial remuneration in five countries with the purpose of extending the usage of the data, which were published more or less merely as information, and introducing some tentative steps towards a better understanding of absolute and relative differences in managerial sal

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the prevention of false markets is one of the major concerns of stock market authorities in the UK and elsewhere, until recently, the theoretical literature on the workings of markets with imperfect information has been sparse. This paper analyses the problem of providing liquidity to investors when price‐sensitive information is unequally distributed.Specifically we shall model the activities of a market‐maker when certain traders have price‐sensitive information unavailable to other market participants. Our model will show how the bid‐asked spread would be determined in such a market. It is useful in explaining certain tactics employed by stock market traders and in suggesting alternative ways of evaluating market efficiency.The theory is developed in three sections: (1) the determination of the bid‐asked spread for a single, isolated transaction; (2) the determination of the bid‐asked spread in a continuous market; (3) the relationship between the spread and the size of

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe thesis of this examination of Apartheid in the Republic of South Africa is that the sophistication of capital structure, whether viewed macro‐economically or at the level of the firm, passes nigh‐irrestible power to even unorganized workers. This non‐Marxist social system model is empirically substantiated by South African economic history but, more particularly, from managerial decisions in respect of the production function – especially in the critical gold‐mining industry – over time. This leads to the logical conclusion that the dynamic intensification of foreign capital investment in the Republic alone can end that country's system o

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResource allocation in the energy sector of the United Kingdom is a difficult area to plan, because demand and supply projections need to embrace both the large private sector oil industry and the public sector fuel industries. In addition, relationships between the latter are complex as they involve both competition and co‐ordination. One approach to the problem has been to find common ground in the concept of marginal cost pricing, but there are practical difficulties in application. Government has encouraged the use of analytical techniques, such as corporate planning, by the fuel industries as a means of co‐ordination in areas where market mechanisms may no longer always be effect

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry has failed to defend itself effectively against criticisms of its economic behaviour, because it has largely failed to understand the factors affecting its own economic structure. These concern the importance of competitive research and pricing, and the need to protect and nurture the fruits of its innovation by the use of patents, brand names and sales promotion. There is still need for a better understanding of the importance of these factors both outside the industry and amongst its own staff, if its contribution to modern medical technology is not to be stifled by irrational criticisms and controls.

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost people think they know what market research is, and generally have a picture of a girl with a clip‐board asking about voting intentions. In fact, the term ‘market research’ covers a widely varied family of activities, using different techniques to achieve different purposes. This paper describes the various combinations of research types into which a survey can fall (large sample/small sample, quantitative/qualitative, industrial/consumer, etc.) and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the different methodologies. It then provides information about the size and structure of the market research industry in the United Ki

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010112

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-6570    

DOI:10.1002/mde.4090010113

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY