ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Insight into the pathomechanisms of the benign positional vertigo syndromes has led to quick and effective treatment with positional manoeuvres. Our understanding of other causes of vertigo is progressing at a slower pace, but several recent findings regarding vestibular neuritis, vascular compression of the eighth nerve and psychogenic vertigo are of immediate clinical relevance. Curr Opin Neurol 11:5–9. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the past year, genes involved in the branchio‐oto‐renal and Treacher–Collins syndromes were cloned. Myosin 7A, a gene previously implicated in Usher syndrome type 1 B, was also found to be mutated in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Likewise, linkage studies in Pendred syndrome and Usher syndrome type 1 D suggest that allelic mutations can cause syndromic and non‐syndromic forms of deafness. In patients with X‐linked deafness type 3, a hotspot for deletions was found 900 kb proximal to the causal genePOU3F4. Most importantly, the connexin 26 gene is mutated in approximately 50% of all recessive deafness families, enabling early diagnosis and carrier detection. Curr Opin Neurol 11:11–16. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in hair cell regeneration are progressing at a rapid rate. This review will highlight and critique recent attempts to understand some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration in non‐mammalian vertebrates and efforts to induce regeneration in the mammalian inner ear sensory epithelium. Curr Opin Neurol 11:17–24. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review covers the recent developments in the diagnosis, natural history and treatment of several common neuro‐opthalmological disorders, such as optic neuritis, pseudotumour cerebri and nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. It also deals briefly with the effects on the eye of the ataxias and antiepileptic drugs. Curr Opin Neurol 11:25–29. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Event related cortical potentials and imaging provide information about roles of the cerebral hemispheres in generating voluntary and reflexive saccades. This review also discusses relationships between smooth pursuit and visual discrimination of motion direction and the phenomenon of blindsight. Cortical effects of strabismus on motion processing and smooth pursuit are reviewed. Curr Opin Neurol 11:31–38. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preventing the loss of ion homeostasis or promoting its recovery are two primary targets of neuroprotective strategies. The contribution of excitatory neurotransmitter receptor linked ion channels is now well established. Sodium and calcium may also enter neurons and glia through voltage sensitive channels and exchangers, contributing directly and indirectly to injury. Curr Opin Neurol 11:39–43. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There are now overwhelming data suggesting that inflammation contributes to cerebral ischemic injury. The mechanisms that lead to the inflammatory response which follows stroke, however, are not fully understood. This review will highlight the most recent advances in our knowledge as well as the early experience of using anti-inflammatory strategies to treat acute stroke. Curr Opin Neurol 11:45–49. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cardiac disorders are increasingly recognised as an important source of cerebral embolism. Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac dysrrhythmia that can predispose to stroke. Recent advances have significantly increased the identification of clinical, hematological and echocardiographic risk factors that predict the occurrence of atrial fibrillation related stroke. Also, clinical risk stratification has been used to determine medical therapy (aspirin or warfarin) for prevention of atrial fibrillation related brain embolization. Among the various structural heart diseases causing stroke, the role of patent foramen ovale remains controversial. Strides have been made in the use of ultrasonographic techniques such as transesophageal echocardiography and contrast transcranial doppler to detect patent foramen ovale. Coronary artery bypass grafting is often performed in patients with concomitant aortic atheroma and carotid stenosis that may predispose to stroke in the perioperative period. It is now possible to identify perioperatively significant aortic atherosclerosis (using transesophageal echocardiography and aortic ultrasound) and significant carotid disease (using carotid ultrasound) and make appropriate modifications in surgical technique to reduce the incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting related stroke.Because of shared risk factors it is not surprising that coronary artery disease is frequently found in stroke patients. Recent studies suggest that more than one‐third of stroke patients have asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Conversely, the brain damaged by infarction may itself be responsible for the production of cardiac structural and electrical abnormalities. Both these factors may contribute to the finding that cardiac events are the leading cause of death in stroke patients on long term follow‐up. Recognition of these correlations has enhanced our ability to treat and prevent stroke related mortality. Curr Opin Lipidol 11:51–56. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in stroke therapy have followed diverse paths over the past 2 years. Recent clinical trials have investigated the use of thrombolytic agents, anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs and neuroprotective agents in acute stroke patients. The positive results of the National Institutes of Neurologic Disease and Stroke tissue plasminogen activator trial have increased interest in the field of acute stroke therapy and initiated significant changes in the management of stroke patients in the medical system. A new antiplatelet drug and a number of trials involving HMG Co‐A reductase inhibitors are important advances in the secondary prevention of stroke. Curr Opin Neurol 11:57–64. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd

ISSN:1350-7540    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID