ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;With greater public awareness and use of mammography, more breast carcinomas are detected early, before the axillary lymph nodes contain metastases. About 60% of patients will be node‐negative; yet 20‐30% of node‐negative breast carcinoma patients will develop recurrent tumors, and they are at risk of dying of disease. These patients should be considered for adjuvant therapies, whereas the remaining 70‐80% appear to be cured by surgery. Thus, accurate assessment of risk factors for recurrence provides valuable therapeutic information. This review focuses on recent reports that help identify subsets of patients at variable risk for recurrent disease.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995,7:4‐9

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The long‐term goal of examining placentas from patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes has always been to understand better the basic underlying disease processes involved. Through a consideration of clinical, sonographic, laboratory, and anatomic pathological data this goal is now being realized. Placental pathology in the following four clinical scenarios is reviewed: preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine fetal demise, and birth asphyxia with long‐term adverse sequela.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995,7:10‐15

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Vulval pain and pruritus are symptoms associated with benign or malignant diseases. The paucity of information regarding aetiological factors confounds a logical approach to successful therapeutic and preventative strategies. Research continues to address the possible relationship between human papillomavirus and benign, premalignant and malignant vulval conditions. Although present in many conditions, oncogenesis caused by human papillomavirus has yet to be proven as a cause of vulvar premalignant and malignant diseases. The natural history and management of these and benign disorders have been reported during the period of review. Some of the new findings may alter present concepts and practices.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995,7:16‐19

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Approximately 2‐3% of cervical smears will be reported as showing low‐grade changes. Many of these smears are in fact associated with high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia requiring treatment, but a significant number will be associated with an absence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, where surveillance would enable regression of the cytological abnormality. Pathological, economic and psychosocial considerations all contribute to the ongoing debate as to the optimal management strategy.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and gynecology 1995,7:20‐23

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as a major factor in the genesis of intraepithelial and invasive neoplasms of the female genital tract. The strength of the relationship of HPV to genital neoplasia has been supported by studies involving epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic and molecular data. The many subtypes of HPV have been characterized into risk groups that reflect their propensity to be associated with cancer precursors and invasive disease. The strong correlation between HPV and squamous dysplasia suggests that classification of cervical intraepithelial lesions into similar risk categories should be possible. However, the clinical predictive value of HPV testing and typing remains controversial.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and gynecology 1995,7:24‐29

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Over the past three years, loop excision has become a standard form of therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Clinical trials have found loop excision to be faster and easier than laser ablation for treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and to have similar complication and success rates. In addition, loop excision produces a specimen that is suitable for histopathologic evaluation in the majority of patients. As our clinical experience with loop excision has increased, little impact on fertility and pregnancy outcome has been found, but there continues to be concern about overuse of the technique as a method of evaluating women with low‐grade abnormal Papanicolaou smears.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and gynecology 1995,7:30‐34

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Uterine smooth muscle tumors are common and pose a significant public health problem for women of reproductive age. Although most uterine smooth muscle tumors are benign, pathologic diagnosis of the infrequent malignant leiomyosarcoma is important for clinical management and prediction of clinical outcome. Pathologic criteria for diagnosing malignancy in uterine smooth muscle tumors and studies of their validity are reviewed. Advances in the cytogenetic and molecular biologic study of uterine leiomyomas and their variants are being made which may ultimately change our understanding of their pathobiology, diagnosis, and potentially, their treatment.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and gynecology 1995,7:35‐42

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of ovarian lesions may provide a definitive diagnosis, particularly when used in conjunction with ultrasound examination and serologic markers. Recent advances permit the use of cytologic material for special studies, such as flow cytometry or cytogenetics, which may add important prognostic information in ovarian cancer.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and gynecology 1995,7:43‐48

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Evidence of the potential importance of planned dose intensity and its effect on patient outcome is based predominantly on the retrospective analysis of randomized trials. These have been subject to criticism on methodological grounds and should be considered as hypothesis‐generating rather than proof of the importance of dose intensity. The relationship between chemotherapeutic dose and outcome of patients with gynaecological cancers has been investigated mainly in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The literature is made up predominantly of small phase I‐II studies demonstrating the feasibility of dose intensification strategies, but there is a paucity of large randomized trials. Although the ‘more is better’ approach may be intuitively appealing and is supported by some data, it must be demonstrated to translate into increased survival.Current Opinion in Obstetrics and gynecology 1995,7:49‐52

ISSN:1040-872X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID