ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The first part of this work (Craddock 1985) critically examined the uses to which analyses of West African metalwork have been put and suggested other possible significance against the background of increased knowledge of the smelting technology and alloys used in Europe and the Middle East during the last 1500 years. The second part is devoted to the composition and metalworking techniques of some of the bronzes and brasses from Nigeria and the implications for their art history.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An examination, by metallography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and electron probe microanalysis of some decorative metalwork and small items such as needles and fish‐hooks from Ecuador and Colombia revealed that ‘fusion‐gilding’ or ‘wash‐gilding’ was employed in the manufacture of many artefacts. The coatings found included silver alloy coatings over copper and gold alloys over copper. The coatings are often themselves superficially enriched at the surface; they are thick, and completely different from the surfaces found on depletion gilded objects which are far more common in ancient Colombia. The evidence from Ecuador is piecemeal and a considerable number of additional analyses must be carried out to clarify the extent of use of this surface treatme

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Palaeodiet of humans can be determined using stable carbon isotope ratios of bone collagen. Differences in δ13C‐values between individuals in a population may be due to real differences in diet, or alternatively, they could be due to age‐ or sex‐dependent differences in the physiologically controlled fractionation of carbon isotopes between food and collagen. The dependence of this fractionation on age and sex was tested in a study of 50 individuals of differing ages from a prehistoric population of bison hunters. The total variation in δ13C for bone collagen was found to be ± 0.3‰, indicating that variations larger than this, observed in other populations, are due to real dietary differences between i

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The chemical composition of durable blue soda glass dated to the twelfth century from York Minster, both from the windows and excavated within this building, has been determined by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. The analytical data are compared with results from specimens of similar date, colour and composition from Old Sarum and Winchester in England and Chartres Cathedral in France. Multivariate analysis of the compositional data reveals that this unusual blue glass may be classified into three principal groups the possible origins of which are discussed. The specimens in one of them are of particular technological interest since they may have been produced from Roman, or slightly later, glass in a manner referred to by the twelfth century monk Theophilus. It is shown that medieval stained glass of the soda‐lime‐silicate type,vis‐a‐visthat containing potash as the predominant alkali, is not as rare as hitherto

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The microstructures of faience, produced in the laboratory by the direct application of the glazing mixture (both in the raw state and in the form of prefired and ground frit) and by the efflorescence and cementation glazing methods, have been studied in polished sections in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microstructures observed were defined in terms of (1) thickness of the surface glaze layer, (2) thickness of the glaze‐core interaction layer, (3) nature of the boundary between the interaction layer and the core and (4) extent of any interstitial glass phase within the quartz core. These parameters provide the basis for distinguishing between faience made by the three principal methods of glazing used in antiquity. Hence the method used to glaze an ancient faience object can be inferred from its microstructure as observed in polished section in the SE

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using descriptive methods derived from soil micromorphology, argillaceous inclusions (argillaceous rock fragments, grog, clay pellets and clay temper) can be characterised by the study of boundaries, roundness, shape, optical density, internal and external features, constituents and colour. Examination of the argillaceous inclusions in Corinthian A and A’ transport amphorae, through the description of their properties, permits the conclusion that they consist of mudstone in both A and A', together with clay temper in the A fabric and clay pellets in A

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the northern Golan Heights, which is built up from volcanic ejections, paleolithic artifacts are found embedded between basalt flows, and in other stratified ejecta. The archaeological objective is to describe the styles of artifacts which belong to particular cultures, which means particular periods. This can be done if different rock stratigraphic units can be mapped in areas where theexposuresof strata are not continuous. The present study made use of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to map flows by their chemical compositions. It was found that there is no difficulty in telling one rock unit from another. In addition, it was possible to show that some aspects of earlier geological mapping were deficient or faulty.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An attempt has been made to relate steatite artifacts to the source of rock from which they were manufactured, using the distribution patterns of rare earth elements. Radiochemical‐ and instrumental‐neutron activation analyses of Shetland steatites suggest that the use of rare earth elements in artifact provenancing may be unreliable. Concentrations of rare earth elements in many Shetland steatites are too low to be measured reliably by a cost effective method. The relative importance of primary igneous and secondary metasomatic processes in controlling steatite rare earth element geochemistry is discussed and geological arguments against the existence of unique rare earth ‘fingerprints’ for steatite are pr

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This third list of accelerator dates includes material dated in the same period as datelist 2 (Gillespięet al.1985) and subsequently. The dates have been achieved by the same methods as described there

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY