ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThe bristlecone pine tree‐ring calibration of radiocarbon dates, while necessitating changes of up to 700 years in Holocene chronology before 1000b.c., offers possibilities of very accurate dating when14C determinations from floating tree‐ring chronologies are utilized.A statistical approach assuming linear regression is developed and used to position the floating tree‐ring chronologies at Swiss neolithic sites, using radiocarbon dates published by Ferguson, Huber and Suess and by Suess. The statistical method gives objective estimated dates with estimates of error related, in a consistent and explicit manner, to the inherent inaccuracies of the radiocarbon dates. Most of the method may readily be tested by standard statistical procedures. For the particular cases considered the assumptions of linearity and parallelism are investigated, and the precision of the estimated dates is comparable with that claimed by Suess and his co‐workers. A precise calibration is thus possible without utilizing the short‐term fluctuations in the Suess calibration curve. The analysis, while avoiding some assumptions of Suess and his collaborators, offers an explicit procedure for establishing controlled teleconnections with the Ferguson dendrochronology, and supports their emphasis on the importance of radiocarbon dates from floating tree‐ring sequences for the construction of precise prehistoric c

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSAge determinations of kill sites, where charcoal is generally absent, has usually depended on radiocarbon analyses of bone material. However, it has been seen with known‐age samples that these dates are often in error due to contamination by plant products or ground water carbonates. The use of soil samples from strata both above and below, as well as the level containing the artifacts, offers important advantages. The soil profiles present sequences of dates, whereas the bones are only individual samples. The distribution of the soil date values can indicate upper and lower limits for the age of the kill site.The Taima‐taima paleo‐indian site in the state of Falcón, Venezuela is presented as an illustration of the application of radiocarbon dating of soil to archaeological problems. A total of 22 samples were processed. It is seen that soils from two profiles indicate a dating of 13 000 years for the kill. Taking into account reasonable extents of error, uncertainties of ± 2000 years can be estimated. The non‐carbonate fraction dates are in agreement with the earth samples, but this is probably due to the organic matter extracted from these materials being mostly soil contamination in the porous bone matrix.Fluorine measurements on the bones confirm the Pleistoce

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSA selection of faience beads has been examined using neutron activation analysis, with a view to distinguishing the provenance of individual specimens. Evidence is presented that the tin content in beads from British sites is significantly higher than in those from other areas. Characteristic features of beads from other sources are also discussed.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSSpecimens of flint from English and Continentai prehistoric factory/mine sites have been analysed using neutron activation and element compositions compared. The possible use of element concentration patterns as a means of characterising such sites is discussed.

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSA method is described for the identification of the origin of flint artefacts. The method is based on the variation in the trace element concentrations for different origins. The trace element concentrations were determined by non‐destructive neutron activation analysis. The identification was obtained from a pattern recognition analysi

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSX‐ray fluorescence analysis is a non‐destructive method, very useful for qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical elements in paintings, frescoes, enamels, etc.Measurements have been carried out on ancient Persian mural painting allowing the identification of about ten different pigments.Furthermore, many oil paintings have been examined. For example, about thirty regions of different colour tonalities concerning the ‘Deposizione’by Raffaello Sanzio have been analysed; in this way it has been possible to determine the composition of several pigments used by the author and to identify some restored regions.The enamels of a ligneous Egyptian panel have also been studied; the results are in good agreement with those obtained using conventional

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSThis study uses X‐ray fluorescent analysis to compare the trace chemical composition of seventeen pottery sherds excavated from sites in Britain with the trace analyses of twenty four sherds from continental sources. Results indicate that certain elements, notably zirconium, titanium, rubidium, and strontium show little variation within a particular sherd and are consistent among samples from the same source. Certain other elements appear to show wide variation which is possibly attributable to firing conditions, burial or is connected with the glaze. The comparisons of analyses indicate that nine of the seventeen British sherds can be closely correlated with particular continental sources. Tentative correlation is suggested for five sherds. The remaining three sherds clearly do not come from any of the sources investigate

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSMineralogical analyses of clays, tempers and paints from contemporary sources in the vicinity of Quinua, Peru, were carried out by means of X‐ray diffraction, microscopic examination and physical separation. The data indicates that (1) there is a substantial amount of mineralogical variability in these materials, (2) the differences between the clays and tempers consist of the differences between the relative amounts of plastics and non‐plastics present in each of these kinds of materials, (3) the paints contain a mineral known for its superior spreading qualities. The study concludes that (1) the region had the ceramic resources to support a tradition of several polychrome styles like those made during the Peruvian Middle Horizon (a.d.600–800), (2) ancient pastes made in the region had a great deal of mineralogical variability, (3) archaeologists should redefine their notion of ‘temper’, and (4) modern mineralogical differences between pastes tempered by the potter and those not tempered by the potter can also apply to ancient pastes of t

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSA series of silver coins was analysed for silver and gold contents by three methods—chemical wet analysis, activation analysis and X‐ray fluorescence using a point source linear spectrometer (milliprobe). The results indicate that while the X‐ray fluorescence technique gives better agreement with chemical analysis for major components the use of activation analysis with automated equipment results in a considerable saving of time and has a high sensitivity for some minor compo

ISSN:0003-813X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1972.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY